AVRUPALILAŞMA AVRUPALI MI?

Hakan Övünç ONGUR

Article Details

AVRUPALILAŞMA AVRUPALI MI?

Authors:

Hakan Övünç ONGUR

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Journal:

Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2009 Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.237-258

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2009

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2000867016

Frequency:

Tri-annual

eISSN:

2667-405X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 

Bu makalenin amacı ‘Avrupalılaşma ’ sürecinin Avrupalılar tarafından nasıl algılandığını değerlendirmektir. İlk olarak, Avrupalılaşma kavramı, küreselleşme ve yerelleşme kavramları ile karşılaştırılmalı olarak analiz edilecektir. İkinci olarak, ‘Berlusconi-Schulz meselesi’ olarak literatüre giren tartışma, Avrupa ’yı ilgilendiren bir meselenin, farklı Avrupa ülkeleri kamuoylarınca nasıl ve neden farklı olarak algılandığı sorularına yanıt bulmak için kullanılacaktır. Meseleye farklı kamuoylarınca geliştirilen farklı yaklışmların, ulusal tartışma düzeyinden öteye geçememesi, Avrupalılaşma ve Avrupa Kimliği diye adlandırılan kavramların, ulus-devlet paradigmasını aşma konusunda henüz yeterli olmadıkları sonucuna vurgu yapacaktır. Üçüncü olarak, uluslar-üstü hareketlere karşı düzenlenen üç ayrı karşıt-kampanya mercek altına yatırılacak ve Avrupalılaşma kavramının, küreselleşme süreci karşısındaki konumu değerlendirmeye alınacaktır. Avrupa kamuoyunun aktivist kanadının, Avrupalılaşma sürecini, küreselleşmenin neoliberal etkilerinin bir sonucu olarak görmesi, bu sürecin yalnızca ulusal paradigmayı değil, küresel paradigmayı da aşmak, ya da onlara bir alternatif üretmek, konusunda yetersiz olduğunu gösterecektir. Dördüncü olarak, Eurobarometre araştırmalarından yararlanılarak, değerlendirilen bu iki ayrı çalışmanın, Avrupa Kimliği tartışmalarında nereye oturtulabileceği konusunda fikir üretilecektir. Sonuç bölümünde ise, Avrupa kamuoyunun, tartışılan konu bir Avrupa meselesi dahi olsa, bu konuyu Avrupalılaşma kavramı dahilinde almak yerine, yerel ya da küresel boyuta taşıma (indirgeme veya yükseltme) taraftarı olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılacak; kimliksiz bir Avrupalılaşmanın geleceği üzerine tartışmalarda bulunulacaktır.

 

The purpose of this paper is to observe how the Europeanization process is
 perceived by Europeans. First, it is attempted to define the concept of
 Europeanization with particular references to the concepts of globalization and
 localization. While the former denotes an inevitable development of ‘world-wide
 interconnectedness’ in governmental, economic, security-related and
 technological issues, hence based on a functional logic; the latter is being fed
 from essentialist-culturalist ties constructed between people and their
 territories. The position of Europeanization is represented in-between with the
 disadvantage of the obvious lack of both functional inevitability and cultural
 awareness. Second, the so-called ‘Berlusconi-Schulz Case’ will be analyzed in
 order to demonstrate how 'European' issues gain dissimilar attention from
 different national bases in the European Continent. Since the source of the
 dissimilarity of public reaction to a supposedly European matter is still national
 – i.e., while Berlusconi is regarded not as the President of the European
 Council of Ministers, but as an Italian, and Schulz is only a German, not a
 deputy in the European Parliament –, and their friction is perceived as ‘a clash
 of nations’; it is at ease to claim that Europeanization or the discussions upon
 the European Identity are still having trouble moving away from the nationalist
 paradigm, let alone constructing an alternative to it. Third, a study concerning
 the transnational movements' campaigns will be added into the discussion, yet
 this time, observing why Europeanization does not constitute an 'alternative' to
 the globalization process in the eyes of the sensitive side of the European public.
 The responses obtained from the participants to those protests reveal that
 Europeanization, from the standpoint of the activists, is regarded as one of the
 by-products of the neo-liberal globalization, manufactured in a purely
 capitalistic laissez-faire logic. They also insist that thus far regional unification
 in Europe has failed to generate the alternative for the malign dimensions of
 globalization, and only if a more social, more welfare-oriented Europe,
 sensitive to the rates of unemployment, poverty, and fair-trade, is secured, then
 it would make sense to mention a unique process of Europeanization. The two
 consecutive studies indicate in common that when it comes to Europeanization,
 Europeans tend to devalue the process either from a national or a global
 viewpoint and prefer discussing European issues as either demoted to the local
 level or raised into the global level, respectively. Eurobarometer studies will be
 employed, fourthly, for associating and assessing the findings of these two
 separate fields of analysis with the concept of European Identity. Since the mid-
 1980s, when the process of European integration have been taking a more
 political stance in addition to its economic rationale, the unification in Europe
 have been heralded also on the cultural basis. Accordingly, the peoples of
 Europe share a cultural, historical, territorial, and traditional common ground
 such that culturally they are bound as well to have a common identity. The
 introduction of a European flag, anthem, motto (‘unity in diversity’), calendar,
 passports, driving licenses, the freedom of factors of production, and the
 concept of European citizenship have been designed specifically for giving the
 process of Europeanization a sense of a common identity. However, as the
 Eurobarometer results demonstrate, the efforts to construct (or to remind of)
 such identity have so far failed. The association with ‘Europeanness’ is way
 behind of the Europeans’ self-identification with their national or sub-national
 identities. The inter-national differences are still valued over the continent-wide
 cultural connectedness. Therefore, Europeanization has been hovering above
 Europe with no actual identity attached to it. Combining the results of the three
 studies, it might be concluded that Europeanization has not yet been able to
 gain a true European identity, and the underlying reason might be found in that
 the two dominant sources of world politics today, i.e., the national-level
 identification and global-level interconnectedness of people, economics and
 politics, have still profound impact on the perception of Europeans, which
 inevitably undervalue the process of Europeanization and makes it insignificant
 in the eyes of its addressees.

Article Details

AVRUPALILAŞMA AVRUPALI MI?

Authors:

Hakan Övünç ONGUR

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Journal:

Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2009 Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.237-258

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2009

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2000867016

Frequency:

Tri-annual

eISSN:

2667-405X

Avrupalılaşma

Avrupa Birliği

küreselleşme

milliyetçilik

sosyal hareketler

Issues

Article Details

AVRUPALILAŞMA AVRUPALI MI?

Authors: Hakan Övünç ONGUR

Publisher: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Journal: Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2009 Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.237-258

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2009

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2000867016

Frequency: Tri-annual

eISSN: 2667-405X

Avrupalılaşma

Avrupa Birliği

küreselleşme

milliyetçilik

sosyal hareketler

Issues

Authors:

Hakan Övünç ONGUR

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Journal:

Gazi University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences 2009 Vol.11 Issue 1, pp.237-258

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2009

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2000867016

Frequency:

Tri-annual

eISSN:

2667-405X