IS SOCİAL CAPITAL EXPLATORY OF INNOVATION? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION WITH PANEL COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY TESTS

Recep Koç

Article Details

IS SOCİAL CAPITAL EXPLATORY OF INNOVATION? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION WITH PANEL COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY TESTS

Authors:

Recep Koç

Publisher:

Duzce University

Main Topics:

Panel Veri Analizi

Journal:

Uluslararası İşletme Bilimi ve Uygulamaları Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 1, pp.15-37

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324431

pISSN:

2791-8866

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In the study, the hypothesis that social capital explains innovation will be examined in the Eastern Marmara Development Region and the provinces of this region, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu and Yalova. In this regard, first of all, the sub-determinants of social capital and innovation were determined. The data obtained for these sub-determinants between 2007 and 2023 were normalized with the Human Development Index formula and indexed by year. After the data set was processed, tests were applied with the STATA 14 program by taking the necessary steps to assume cross-sectional dependency and non-homogeneity of the data for panel cointegration analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found significant that the series was cointegrated, assuming cross-section dependence and non-homogeneity of the data. After that, the AMG test was applied for the long-term coefficients of cointegration and it was found to be significant at the 5 percent significance level, where a one-unit increase in social capital across the region caused a decrease of 0.54 in innovation. Additionally, when tested at the provincial level, it was found significant at the 5 percent significance level that social capital negatively affected innovation at 0.67 level in Düzce and 1.51 level in Bolu. It has been determined that the reason for this opposite relationship is that the social discontent values, which are the variables of net migration, divorce and suicide, created by the recent price instability, increase the social capital, while the innovation index of the number of patents, trademarks, patent registrations and brand registrations decreases.

 In the study, the hypothesis that social capital explains innovation will be examined in the Eastern Marmara Development Region and the provinces of this region, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu and Yalova. In this regard, first of all, the sub-determinants of social capital and innovation were determined. The data obtained for these sub-determinants between 2007 and 2023 were normalized with the Human Development Index formula and indexed by year. After the data set was processed, tests were applied with the STATA 14 program by taking the necessary steps to assume cross-sectional dependency and non-homogeneity of the data for panel cointegration analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found significant that the series was cointegrated, assuming cross-section dependence and non-homogeneity of the data. After that, the AMG test was applied for the long-term coefficients of cointegration and it was found to be significant at the 5 percent significance level, where a one-unit increase in social capital across the region caused a decrease of 0.54 in innovation. Additionally, when tested at the provincial level, it was found significant at the 5 percent significance level that social capital negatively affected innovation at 0.67 level in Düzce and 1.51 level in Bolu. It has been determined that the reason for this opposite relationship is that the social discontent values, which are the variables of net migration, divorce and suicide, created by the recent price instability, increase the social capital, while the innovation index of the number of patents, trademarks, patent registrations and brand registrations decreases.

 In the study, the hypothesis that social capital explains innovation will be examined in the Eastern Marmara Development Region and the provinces of this region, Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu and Yalova. In this regard, first of all, the sub-determinants of social capital and innovation were determined. The data obtained for these sub-determinants between 2007 and 2023 were normalized with the Human Development Index formula and indexed by year. After the data set was processed, tests were applied with the STATA 14 program by taking the necessary steps to assume cross-sectional dependency and non-homogeneity of the data for panel cointegration analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found significant that the series was cointegrated, assuming cross-section dependence and non-homogeneity of the data. After that, the AMG test was applied for the long-term coefficients of cointegration and it was found to be significant at the 5 percent significance level, where a one-unit increase in social capital across the region caused a decrease of 0.54 in innovation. Additionally, when tested at the provincial level, it was found significant at the 5 percent significance level that social capital negatively affected innovation at 0.67 level in Düzce and 1.51 level in Bolu. It has been determined that the reason for this opposite relationship is that the social discontent values, which are the variables of net migration, divorce and suicide, created by the recent price instability, increase the social capital, while the innovation index of the number of patents, trademarks, patent registrations and brand registrations decreases.

 Çalışmada sosyal sermayenin inovasyonu açıkladığı hipotezin, Doğu Marmara Kalkınma Bölgesi ve bu bölgenin illeri Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu ve Yalova birimlerinde incelemesi yapılacaktır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle sosyal sermaye ve inovasyonun alt belirleyicileri belirlenmiştir. Bu alt belirleyicilerin 2007-2023 yılları arasında elde edilen verilerin, İnsani Gelişmişlik Endeksi formülü ile normalleştirilerek yıllar itibari ile endekslemesi yapılmıştır. Veri seti işlendikten sonra, panel eşbütünleşme analiz için yatay kesit bağımlılık ve verilerin homojen olmaması varsayımında gerekli adımlar atılarak STATA 14 programı ile testler uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve verilerin homojen olmaması varsayımında, serinin eşbütünleşik olduğu anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bundan sonra yapılan eşbütünleşme uzun dönem katsayıları için AMG testi uygulanmış ve bölge genelinde sosyal sermayedeki bir birimlik artışın inovasyonda 0,54 düzeyinde bir azalmaya sebebiyet verdiği yüzde 5 önem düzeyinde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca il düzeyinde test edildiğinde, sosyal sermayenin inovasyonun Düzcede 0,67 düzeyinde, Boluda 1,51 düzeyinde olumsuz etkilediği yüzde 5 önem düzeyinde anlamlı bulunmuştur. Bu zıt yönlü ilişkinin sebebi olarak, son dönemde yaşanan fiyat istikrarsızlığının yarattığı, net göç, boşanma ve intihar değişkenleri olan sosyal hoşnutsuzluk değerlerinin sosyal sermayeyi artırırken, patent, marka, patent tescil ve marka tescil sayılarının inovasyon endeksinin düşürmesi olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Article Details

IS SOCİAL CAPITAL EXPLATORY OF INNOVATION? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION WITH PANEL COINTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY TESTS

Authors:

Recep Koç

Publisher:

Duzce University

Main Topics:

Panel Veri Analizi

Journal:

Uluslararası İşletme Bilimi ve Uygulamaları Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 1, pp.15-37

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324431

pISSN:

2791-8866

Social Capital

Innovation

Panel Cointegration Test

Dumitrescu and Hurlin Causality TestSosyal Sermaye

İnovasyon

Panel Eşbütünleşme Testi

Dumitrescu ve Hurlin Nedensellik Testi

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Recep Koç

Publisher: Duzce University

Main Topics: Panel Veri Analizi

Journal: Uluslararası İşletme Bilimi ve Uygulamaları Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 1, pp.15-37

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 7/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001324431

pISSN: 2791-8866

Issues

Authors:

Recep Koç

Publisher:

Duzce University

Main Topics:

Panel Veri Analizi

Journal:

Uluslararası İşletme Bilimi ve Uygulamaları Dergisi Vol.4 Issue 1, pp.15-37

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001324431

pISSN:

2791-8866