FIGHT AGAINST TYPHOS IN ISTANBUL (1931-1937)

Ayşe Eryaman

Article Details

FIGHT AGAINST TYPHOS IN ISTANBUL (1931-1937)

Authors:

Ayşe Eryaman

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 76, pp.27-43

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349348

pISSN:

1303-5290

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Typhoid, which posed a major threat to public health and spread rapidly in poor hygiene conditions, was a disease seen in Istanbul in all seasons, usually in summer and autumn. Although some measures were taken to combat epidemic diseases observed in Istanbul during the period leading up to the Republic, a nationwide struggle based on legal principles began with the adoption of the Public Health Law in 1930. Between 1931 and 1937, there was an increase in typhoid cases in Istanbul compared to previous years. The study aims to identify the causes of typhoid fever seen in Istanbul during the specified years, the methods employed to prevent the disease, and the successes achieved in combating it. It has been observed that the citys inadequate infrastructure and poor hygiene conditions were the main causes of the disease. Therefore, it has been determined that completely eradicating typhoid in Istanbul depended primarily on improving sanitation and water services, that is, the development of infrastructure. Although steps have been taken to modernize water systems and sewerage networks and implement compulsory and free vaccinations to prevent typhoid, the complete prevention of typhoid in the city can only be achieved by completing all aspects of infrastructure services.

 Typhoid, which posed a major threat to public health and spread rapidly in poor hygiene conditions, was a disease seen in Istanbul in all seasons, usually in summer and autumn. Although some measures were taken to combat epidemic diseases observed in Istanbul during the period leading up to the Republic, a nationwide struggle based on legal principles began with the adoption of the Public Health Law in 1930. Between 1931 and 1937, there was an increase in typhoid cases in Istanbul compared to previous years. The study aims to identify the causes of typhoid fever seen in Istanbul during the specified years, the methods employed to prevent the disease, and the successes achieved in combating it. It has been observed that the citys inadequate infrastructure and poor hygiene conditions were the main causes of the disease. Therefore, it has been determined that completely eradicating typhoid in Istanbul depended primarily on improving sanitation and water services, that is, the development of infrastructure. Although steps have been taken to modernize water systems and sewerage networks and implement compulsory and free vaccinations to prevent typhoid, the complete prevention of typhoid in the city can only be achieved by completing all aspects of infrastructure services.

 Typhoid, which posed a major threat to public health and spread rapidly in poor hygiene conditions, was a disease seen in Istanbul in all seasons, usually in summer and autumn. Although some measures were taken to combat epidemic diseases observed in Istanbul during the period leading up to the Republic, a nationwide struggle based on legal principles began with the adoption of the Public Health Law in 1930. Between 1931 and 1937, there was an increase in typhoid cases in Istanbul compared to previous years. The study aims to identify the causes of typhoid fever seen in Istanbul during the specified years, the methods employed to prevent the disease, and the successes achieved in combating it. It has been observed that the citys inadequate infrastructure and poor hygiene conditions were the main causes of the disease. Therefore, it has been determined that completely eradicating typhoid in Istanbul depended primarily on improving sanitation and water services, that is, the development of infrastructure. Although steps have been taken to modernize water systems and sewerage networks and implement compulsory and free vaccinations to prevent typhoid, the complete prevention of typhoid in the city can only be achieved by completing all aspects of infrastructure services.

 Halk sağlığı için büyük bir tehdit oluşturan ve genellikle kötü hijyen koşullarında hızla yayılan tifo, İstanbulda genelde yaz ve son baharda olmak üzere, her mevsimde görülen bir hastalıktı. Cumhuriyete kadar gelen süreçte, İstanbulda görülen salgın hastalıklarla mücadele için bazı tedbirler alınmışsa da bütün ülkeyi kapsayacak ve kanuni esaslara dayanan mücadele, 1930 senesinde kabul edilen Umumi Hıfzıssıhha Kanunu ile başlamıştır. 1931 ile 1937 yılları arasında, İstanbulda tifo vakalarında, önceki yıllara göre bir artış yaşanmıştır. Çalışmada, belirtilen yıllarda İstanbulda görülen tifo hastalığının, nedenleri, hastalığı önlemek için başvurulan mücadele yöntemleri ve elde edilen sonuçları ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Şehirdeki yetersiz altyapı ve kötü hijyen koşullarının hastalığın temel nedeni olduğu görülmüştür. Bundan dolayı İstanbulda tifoyu tamamen ortadan kaldırmanın, her şeyden önce kanalizasyon ve su işlerinin yani alt yapı hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesine bağlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tifonun önünü almak için, su sistemlerinin ve kanalizasyon şebekelerinin modernize edilmesine, zorunlu ve ücretsiz aşı uygulamalarına yönelik adımlar atılmışsa da şehirde görülen tifo hastalığının tamamen önünün alınması, alt yapı hizmetlerinin bütün yönleriyle tamamlanması ile gerçekleşebilecekti.

Article Details

FIGHT AGAINST TYPHOS IN ISTANBUL (1931-1937)

Authors:

Ayşe Eryaman

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 76, pp.27-43

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349348

pISSN:

1303-5290

Epidemic

Epidemic Diseases

Public Health

TyphoidHalk Sağlığı

Karahumma

Tifo

Salgın

Salgın Hastalıklar

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ayşe Eryaman

Publisher: Ankara University

Main Topics: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal: Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 76, pp.27-43

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001349348

pISSN: 1303-5290

Issues

Authors:

Ayşe Eryaman

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 76, pp.27-43

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349348

pISSN:

1303-5290