Convergence Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Per Capita through the Nahar-Inder Technique in Selected European Countries

Cihat Karademir; Reşat Ceylan

Article Details

Convergence Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Per Capita through the Nahar-Inder Technique in Selected European Countries

Authors:

Cihat Karademir | Reşat Ceylan

Publisher:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Main Topics:

Çevre Ekonomisi

Journal:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.534-551

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294517

pISSN:

1302-1265

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In this study, it was examined whether CO2 emissions, which are the main cause of climate change, show convergence behavior with data for the period of 1946-2019 in 17 European countries. In the study, ADF linear unit root test, LNV 1998, KSS 2003 and Sollis 2009 nonlinear unit root tests and Nahar-Inder 2002 technique which allows convergence even in the case of unit root were used. According to the findings obtained, 12 countries exhibited convergence behavior in ADF test, 6 in LNV 1998 test, 10 in KSS 2003 test and 9 in Sollis 2009 test, while convergence behavior was observed in 16 of 17 countries according to Nahar-Inder 2002 technique. Based on this, it can be said that the Nahar-Inder 2002 technique gives stronger results compared to unit root tests. This determination can be assessed in the form that countries that are parties to international agreements aimed at preventing environmental degradation related to the use of fossil fuels can implement common policies. Within this framework, it is presented as a policy proposal of the study that international agreements on combating climate change should be expanded and provisions and institutions that will increase the power of sanctions should be created.

 In this study, it was examined whether CO2 emissions, which are the main cause of climate change, show convergence behavior with data for the period of 1946-2019 in 17 European countries. In the study, ADF linear unit root test, LNV 1998, KSS 2003 and Sollis 2009 nonlinear unit root tests and Nahar-Inder 2002 technique which allows convergence even in the case of unit root were used. According to the findings obtained, 12 countries exhibited convergence behavior in ADF test, 6 in LNV 1998 test, 10 in KSS 2003 test and 9 in Sollis 2009 test, while convergence behavior was observed in 16 of 17 countries according to Nahar-Inder 2002 technique. Based on this, it can be said that the Nahar-Inder 2002 technique gives stronger results compared to unit root tests. This determination can be assessed in the form that countries that are parties to international agreements aimed at preventing environmental degradation related to the use of fossil fuels can implement common policies. Within this framework, it is presented as a policy proposal of the study that international agreements on combating climate change should be expanded and provisions and institutions that will increase the power of sanctions should be created.

 In this study, it was examined whether CO2 emissions, which are the main cause of climate change, show convergence behavior with data for the period of 1946-2019 in 17 European countries. In the study, ADF linear unit root test, LNV 1998, KSS 2003 and Sollis 2009 nonlinear unit root tests and Nahar-Inder 2002 technique which allows convergence even in the case of unit root were used. According to the findings obtained, 12 countries exhibited convergence behavior in ADF test, 6 in LNV 1998 test, 10 in KSS 2003 test and 9 in Sollis 2009 test, while convergence behavior was observed in 16 of 17 countries according to Nahar-Inder 2002 technique. Based on this, it can be said that the Nahar-Inder 2002 technique gives stronger results compared to unit root tests. This determination can be assessed in the form that countries that are parties to international agreements aimed at preventing environmental degradation related to the use of fossil fuels can implement common policies. Within this framework, it is presented as a policy proposal of the study that international agreements on combating climate change should be expanded and provisions and institutions that will increase the power of sanctions should be created.

 Bu çalışmada iklim değişikliğinin başlıca nedeni olan CO2 salınımlarının 17 Avrupa ülkesinde 1946-2019 dönemine ait verilerle yakınsama davranışı gösterip göstermediği incelenmiştir. Çalışmada ADF doğrusal birim kök testi, LNV 1998, KSS 2003 ve Sollis 2009 doğrusal olmayan birim kök testleri ve birim kök olması durumunda bile yakınsamaya izin veren Nahar-Inder 2002 tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, ADF testinde 12, LNV 1998 testinde 6, KSS 2003 testinde 10 ve Sollis 2009 testinde 9 ülke yakınsama davranışı sergilerken, Nahar-Inder 2002 tekniğine göre 17 ülkenin 16sında yakınsama davranışı gözlemlenmiştir. Buradan hareketle Nahar-Inder 2002 tekniğinin birim kök testlerine göre daha güçlü sonuçlar verdiği söylenebilir. Bu tespit, fosil yakıt kullanımına bağlı çevresel bozulmaların önlemesine yönelik uluslararası anlaşmalara taraf olan ülkelerin ortak politikalar uygulayabilecekleri şeklinde değerlendirilebilir. Bu çerçevede iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede uluslararası anlaşmaların genişletilmesi ve yaptırım gücünü artıracak hüküm ve kurumların oluşturulması gerektiği çalışmanın politika önerisi olarak sunulmaktadır.

Article Details

Convergence Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Per Capita through the Nahar-Inder Technique in Selected European Countries

Authors:

Cihat Karademir | Reşat Ceylan

Publisher:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Main Topics:

Çevre Ekonomisi

Journal:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.534-551

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294517

pISSN:

1302-1265

Carbon dioxide emission

convergence hypothesis

nonlinear unit root tests

Nahar-Inder (2002) testKarbondioksit emisyonu

yakınsama hipotezi

doğrusal olmayan birim kök testleri

Nahar-Inder (2002) testi

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Cihat Karademir | Reşat Ceylan

Publisher: Afyon Kocatepe University

Main Topics: Çevre Ekonomisi

Journal: Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.534-551

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001294517

pISSN: 1302-1265

Issues

Authors:

Cihat Karademir | Reşat Ceylan

Publisher:

Afyon Kocatepe University

Main Topics:

Çevre Ekonomisi

Journal:

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.25 Issue 2, pp.534-551

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001294517

pISSN:

1302-1265