An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form (BHS-7)

Nuri Türk; Hasan Batmaz; Mustafa Özmen; Mehmet Özdemir

Article Details

An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form (BHS-7)

Authors:

Nuri Türk | Hasan Batmaz | Mustafa Özmen | Mehmet Özdemir

Publisher:

Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics:

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal:

Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 2, pp.483-502

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356860

pISSN:

2667-6788

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Hopelessness is considered one of the key constructs in the field of mental health, closely related to various psychological variables such as suicide and depression. The Beck Hopelessness Scale has been widely used to measure hopelessness for nearly 40 years. More recently, short forms of this scale have been developed. This study aimed to adapt the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form BHS-7, developed by Pretorius and Padmanabhanunni 2024, to Turkish culture. A convenience sampling method was employed, and the sample consisted of 407 individuals aged 18 and above. The Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form, Depression Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as data collection tools. To assess validity, exploratory factor analysis EFA was conducted to examine the scales structure within the Turkish context, and confirmatory factor analysis CFA was used to verify the structure. Additionally, evidence for measurement invariance across gender, criterion-related validity, and convergent and divergent validity was presented. The results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the original seven-item scale within the Turkish sample. Measurement invariance results revealed that groups can be compared according to gender. According to the criterion validity results, positive significant relationships were found between hopelessness and depression, while negative significant relationships were found between hopelessness and life satisfaction. Reliability analysis demonstrated that the internal consistency coefficient was at an acceptable level. Consequently, the Turkish adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale  Short Form BHS-7 was found to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing hopelessness in adult populations.

 Hopelessness is considered one of the key constructs in the field of mental health, closely related to various psychological variables such as suicide and depression. The Beck Hopelessness Scale has been widely used to measure hopelessness for nearly 40 years. More recently, short forms of this scale have been developed. This study aimed to adapt the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form BHS-7, developed by Pretorius and Padmanabhanunni 2024, to Turkish culture. A convenience sampling method was employed, and the sample consisted of 407 individuals aged 18 and above. The Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form, Depression Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as data collection tools. To assess validity, exploratory factor analysis EFA was conducted to examine the scales structure within the Turkish context, and confirmatory factor analysis CFA was used to verify the structure. Additionally, evidence for measurement invariance across gender, criterion-related validity, and convergent and divergent validity was presented. The results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the original seven-item scale within the Turkish sample. Measurement invariance results revealed that groups can be compared according to gender. According to the criterion validity results, positive significant relationships were found between hopelessness and depression, while negative significant relationships were found between hopelessness and life satisfaction. Reliability analysis demonstrated that the internal consistency coefficient was at an acceptable level. Consequently, the Turkish adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale  Short Form BHS-7 was found to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing hopelessness in adult populations.

 Hopelessness is considered one of the key constructs in the field of mental health, closely related to various psychological variables such as suicide and depression. The Beck Hopelessness Scale has been widely used to measure hopelessness for nearly 40 years. More recently, short forms of this scale have been developed. This study aimed to adapt the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form BHS-7, developed by Pretorius and Padmanabhanunni 2024, to Turkish culture. A convenience sampling method was employed, and the sample consisted of 407 individuals aged 18 and above. The Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form, Depression Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used as data collection tools. To assess validity, exploratory factor analysis EFA was conducted to examine the scales structure within the Turkish context, and confirmatory factor analysis CFA was used to verify the structure. Additionally, evidence for measurement invariance across gender, criterion-related validity, and convergent and divergent validity was presented. The results confirmed the unidimensional structure of the original seven-item scale within the Turkish sample. Measurement invariance results revealed that groups can be compared according to gender. According to the criterion validity results, positive significant relationships were found between hopelessness and depression, while negative significant relationships were found between hopelessness and life satisfaction. Reliability analysis demonstrated that the internal consistency coefficient was at an acceptable level. Consequently, the Turkish adaptation of the Beck Hopelessness Scale  Short Form BHS-7 was found to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing hopelessness in adult populations.

 Umutsuzluk, intihar ve depresyon gibi birçok psikolojik değişkenle lişkili olan ruh sağlığı alanının önemli kavramlardan biri olarak görülmektedir. Umutsuzluğu ölçmek için yaklaşık 40 yıldır Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği kullanılmaktadır. Son yıllarda ise bu ölçeğin kısa formları geliştirilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Pretorius ve Padmanabhanunni 2024 tarafından geliştirilen Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği Kısa Formunu BHS-7 Türk kültürüne uyarlamak amaçlanmıştır. Uygun örneklem yöntemiyle yürütülen bu çalışmanın örneklemi 18 yaş üzeri 407 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Depresyon Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçekten elde edilen verilerin geçerliğine yönelik hedef kültürde Türk benzer olduğunu ortaya koymak için açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve ilgili yapıyı doğrulamak için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada cinsiyete göre ölçme değişmezliği, ölçüt dayanaklı geçerlilik, yakınsak ve ıraksak geçerlik kanıtları sunulmuştur. Analiz sonuçları, orijinal ölçekte olduğu gibi ölçeğin yedi maddeden oluşan tek boyutlu yapısının Türk kültüründe benzer olduğunu ve doğrulandığını göstermektedir. Ölçme değişmezliği sonuçları, cinsiyete göre grupların karşılaştırılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ölçüt geçerliliği sonuçlarına göre umutsuzluk ile depresyon arasında pozitif; yaşam doyumu ile negatif anlamlı ilişki elde edilmiştir. Güvenirlik analizine göre iç tutarlılık katsayısının istenen seviyede olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, Türk kültürüne uyarlanan Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçeği Kısa Formundan BHS-7 elde edilen verilerden geçerli ve güvenilir çıkarımlar yapılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Article Details

An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form (BHS-7)

Authors:

Nuri Türk | Hasan Batmaz | Mustafa Özmen | Mehmet Özdemir

Publisher:

Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics:

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal:

Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 2, pp.483-502

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356860

pISSN:

2667-6788

Hopelessness

Validity

ReliabilityUmutsuzluk

Geçerlik

Güvenirlik

Issues

Article Details

An Investigation of the Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale - Short Form (BHS-7)

Authors: Nuri Türk | Hasan Batmaz | Mustafa Özmen | Mehmet Özdemir

Publisher: Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics: Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal: Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 2, pp.483-502

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 8/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001356860

pISSN: 2667-6788

Hopelessness

Validity

ReliabilityUmutsuzluk

Geçerlik

Güvenirlik

Issues

Authors:

Nuri Türk | Hasan Batmaz | Mustafa Özmen | Mehmet Özdemir

Publisher:

Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics:

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer)

Journal:

Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.38 Issue 2, pp.483-502

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001356860

pISSN:

2667-6788