Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Strategies for Flow Rate Control of Fluids and Gases in Energy and Process Systems: A Systematic Review

Farisya Farhana   Zulkiflee; Siti Maryam  Sharun; Muhammad Firdaus  Asyraf; Saiful Bahri  Mohamed; Zuraidi Saad Saad; Mat Sazilin  Ayub; Noor Hafizi  Hanafi; M.  Sabri; Rudi Kurniawan

Article Details

Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Strategies for Flow Rate Control of Fluids and Gases in Energy and Process Systems: A Systematic Review

Authors:

Farisya Farhana Zulkiflee | Siti Maryam Sharun | Muhammad Firdaus Asyraf | Saiful Bahri Mohamed | Zuraidi Saad Saad | Mat Sazilin Ayub | Noor Hafizi Hanafi | M. Sabri | Rudi Kurniawan

Publisher:

University of Baghdad

Journal:

Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.91-111

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001539642

pISSN:

2312-0789

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven controllers have increased the accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency in flow rate control for gas and liquid flows. In contrast, traditional Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers are usually not well trained for nonlinear dynamics and time-varying disturbances, leading to limited stability and control accuracy. Most existing research studies have focused on the design and performance of individual AI-based controllers for individual machines without systematically comparing these devices for various industrial and energy applications. The gap of this study is filled by a review of 34 peer-reviewed studies from 2021 to 2024 detected in Scopus and Web of Science databases, classified on the basis of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) structure. From the quantitative results the AI controllers have a higher performance overall than traditional PID controllers with faster response by 12 to 85%, 15 to 67% reduction in steady-state errors, and 18 to 40% drop in overshoot, which indicates high accuracy and stability of systems. The data indicates that fuzzy and hybrid controllers are highly flexible for dealing with nonlinear and dynamic flow phenomena while model predictive and optimization-based controllers have high accuracy for multivariable processes. Furthermore, AI control technology for energy, hydrogen, and process fluid applications improves operability, reduces energy overhead, and enables real-time flexible management under ever-changing loads. Thus, this review lays the excellent groundwork for next-generation intelligent control frameworks and opens the new paradigm of advanced and data-driven strategies towards subsequent flow regulation and energy system applications.

Article Details

Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Strategies for Flow Rate Control of Fluids and Gases in Energy and Process Systems: A Systematic Review

Authors:

Farisya Farhana Zulkiflee | Siti Maryam Sharun | Muhammad Firdaus Asyraf | Saiful Bahri Mohamed | Zuraidi Saad Saad | Mat Sazilin Ayub | Noor Hafizi Hanafi | M. Sabri | Rudi Kurniawan

Publisher:

University of Baghdad

Journal:

Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.91-111

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001539642

pISSN:

2312-0789

Control system

Flow rate

Adaptive control

Fluid

Artificial intelligence

Issues

Article Details

Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Strategies for Flow Rate Control of Fluids and Gases in Energy and Process Systems: A Systematic Review

Authors: Farisya Farhana Zulkiflee | Siti Maryam Sharun | Muhammad Firdaus Asyraf | Saiful Bahri Mohamed | Zuraidi Saad Saad | Mat Sazilin Ayub | Noor Hafizi Hanafi | M. Sabri | Rudi Kurniawan

Publisher: University of Baghdad

Journal: Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.91-111

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2026

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001539642

pISSN: 2312-0789

Control system

Flow rate

Adaptive control

Fluid

Artificial intelligence

Issues

Authors:

Farisya Farhana Zulkiflee | Siti Maryam Sharun | Muhammad Firdaus Asyraf | Saiful Bahri Mohamed | Zuraidi Saad Saad | Mat Sazilin Ayub | Noor Hafizi Hanafi | M. Sabri | Rudi Kurniawan

Publisher:

University of Baghdad

Journal:

Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal Vol.22 Issue 1, pp.91-111

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001539642

pISSN:

2312-0789