Political, Administrative and Social Criticism in the Merṣād Al-ʿebād of the Kubrāvī Shaykh Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya, Who Migrated to Anadolu During the Mongol Invasion

Sinan Tarifci

Article Details

Political, Administrative and Social Criticism in the Merṣād Al-ʿebād of the Kubrāvī Shaykh Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya, Who Migrated to Anadolu During the Mongol Invasion

Authors:

Sinan Tarifci

Publisher:

Hitit University

Main Topics:

Türk İslam Devletleri Tarihi

Journal:

Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.18 Issue Türkistan'dan Anadolu'ya İrfan Geleneği: Abdal Ata Özel Sayısı, pp.57-72

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327231

pISSN:

2757-7449

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Abū Bakr Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Shāhāwar al-Asadī al-Rāzī d. 1256, a Kubrāvī Shaykh and commentator, traveled to Egypt, Ḥidjāz, and Baghdād for his education and became acquainted with sufism in the last of these places. He continued his Sufism journey in the regions of Khurāsān and Khwārazm. Due to the Mongol invasion, Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya returned to Rey, moved to Hamadhān when that area was under threat, and then emigrated to Anatolia. After residing in Anatolia for many years in cities such as Diyārbakr, Malatya, Ḳayṣariyya, Sivas, Konya and Erzincan, he left Anatolia to go to other Islamic countries. Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya stayed in the important centers of the medieval Islamic world, where he interacted with prominent figures and made political, administrative and social observations. Merṣād al-ʿebād is a famous and influential sufi work written in Persian by Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya. The author completed the first writing of his work in Ḳayṣariyya in 1221, and the second writing in Sivas in 1223. He presented the mentioned work to ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kaykubād, the sultan of Seljūḳs of Türkiye. The work consists of an introduction and five chapters. Although Merṣād al-ʿebād has a sufi character, it is also considered within mirrors of prince because of the topics in its fifth chapter. The importance and value of religious-sufi works, which contain original information about the period in which they were written, as a source for medieval history studies is well known. Merṣād al-ʿebād is also a valuable source on the administrative, religious, and social situation in 13th century Islamic world and Anadolu. In this paper, political, administrative and social criticisms in Nadjm al-Dīn Dāyas Merṣād al-ʿebād are going to be examined under the headings of criticisms against the Mongols, criticisms against philosophers, social criticisms, criticisms against rulers, and criticisms against officials.

 Abū Bakr Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Shāhāwar al-Asadī al-Rāzī d. 1256, a Kubrāvī Shaykh and commentator, traveled to Egypt, Ḥidjāz, and Baghdād for his education and became acquainted with sufism in the last of these places. He continued his Sufism journey in the regions of Khurāsān and Khwārazm. Due to the Mongol invasion, Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya returned to Rey, moved to Hamadhān when that area was under threat, and then emigrated to Anatolia. After residing in Anatolia for many years in cities such as Diyārbakr, Malatya, Ḳayṣariyya, Sivas, Konya and Erzincan, he left Anatolia to go to other Islamic countries. Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya stayed in the important centers of the medieval Islamic world, where he interacted with prominent figures and made political, administrative and social observations. Merṣād al-ʿebād is a famous and influential sufi work written in Persian by Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya. The author completed the first writing of his work in Ḳayṣariyya in 1221, and the second writing in Sivas in 1223. He presented the mentioned work to ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kaykubād, the sultan of Seljūḳs of Türkiye. The work consists of an introduction and five chapters. Although Merṣād al-ʿebād has a sufi character, it is also considered within mirrors of prince because of the topics in its fifth chapter. The importance and value of religious-sufi works, which contain original information about the period in which they were written, as a source for medieval history studies is well known. Merṣād al-ʿebād is also a valuable source on the administrative, religious, and social situation in 13th century Islamic world and Anadolu. In this paper, political, administrative and social criticisms in Nadjm al-Dīn Dāyas Merṣād al-ʿebād are going to be examined under the headings of criticisms against the Mongols, criticisms against philosophers, social criticisms, criticisms against rulers, and criticisms against officials.

 Abū Bakr Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Shāhāwar al-Asadī al-Rāzī d. 1256, a Kubrāvī Shaykh and commentator, traveled to Egypt, Ḥidjāz, and Baghdād for his education and became acquainted with sufism in the last of these places. He continued his Sufism journey in the regions of Khurāsān and Khwārazm. Due to the Mongol invasion, Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya returned to Rey, moved to Hamadhān when that area was under threat, and then emigrated to Anatolia. After residing in Anatolia for many years in cities such as Diyārbakr, Malatya, Ḳayṣariyya, Sivas, Konya and Erzincan, he left Anatolia to go to other Islamic countries. Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya stayed in the important centers of the medieval Islamic world, where he interacted with prominent figures and made political, administrative and social observations. Merṣād al-ʿebād is a famous and influential sufi work written in Persian by Nadjm al-Dīn Dāya. The author completed the first writing of his work in Ḳayṣariyya in 1221, and the second writing in Sivas in 1223. He presented the mentioned work to ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kaykubād, the sultan of Seljūḳs of Türkiye. The work consists of an introduction and five chapters. Although Merṣād al-ʿebād has a sufi character, it is also considered within mirrors of prince because of the topics in its fifth chapter. The importance and value of religious-sufi works, which contain original information about the period in which they were written, as a source for medieval history studies is well known. Merṣād al-ʿebād is also a valuable source on the administrative, religious, and social situation in 13th century Islamic world and Anadolu. In this paper, political, administrative and social criticisms in Nadjm al-Dīn Dāyas Merṣād al-ʿebād are going to be examined under the headings of criticisms against the Mongols, criticisms against philosophers, social criticisms, criticisms against rulers, and criticisms against officials.

 Kübrevî şeyhi ve müfessir Ebû Bekir Necmüd-dîn-i Dâye Abdullah b. Muhammed b. Şâhâver el-Esedî er-Râzî ö. 1256, ilim tahsili için Mısır, Hicaz ve Bağdatta bulunmuş, bu yerlerin sonuncusunda tasavvufla tanışmıştır. O, tasavvuf yolculuğunu Horasan ve Hârezm bölgelerinde sürdürmüştür. Necmüd-dîn-i Dâye, Moğol istilası dolayısıyla memleketi Reye dönmüş, buranın da tehdit altında kalmasıyla Hemedana gitmiş, ardından ise Anadoluya hicret etmiştir. Anadoluda Diyarbakır, Malatya, Kayseri, Sivas, Konya, Erzincan gibi şehirlerde uzun yıllar bulunduktan sonra, diğer İslâm ülkelerine gitmek üzere Anadoludan ayrılmıştır. Necmüd-dîn-i Dâye, Orta Çağ İslâm dünyasının önemli merkezlerinde bulunarak, buralarda pek çok önde gelen şahsiyetle münasebet kurmuş; politika, yönetim ve toplum müşahedelerinde bulunmuştur. Mirsâdül-ʿibâd minel-mebdeʾ ilel-meʿâd Yaradılıştan Ahirete Allahın Kullarının Yolu, Necmüd-dîn-i Dâyenin Farsça mensur olarak kaleme aldığı, yer yer manzumeler kullandığı meşhur ve etkili bir tasavvufî eserdir. Müellif, daha Moğolların önünden Anadoluya göç etmeden evvel zihninde kurgusunu oluşturduğu eserinin, müritlerinin talebi üzerine giriştiği ilk yazımını 1221de Kayseride, ikinci yazımını ise 1223te Sivasta tamamlamıştır. O, mezkûr eserini, Türkiye Selçuklu sultanı Alâüd-dîn Keykubâda takdim etmiştir. Eser, bir mukaddimeden başka, kırk faslı ihtiva eden beş bâbdan müteşekkildir. Mirsâdül-ʿibâd, tasavvufî bir niteliği haiz olmakla birlikte, beşinci ve son bâbında değinilen konular hasebiyle, siyasetnâme literatürü içinde de değerlendirilmektedir. Vücuda getirildiği devre ilişkin pek çok orijinal bilgiler içeren dinî-tasavvufî nitelikli eserlerin Orta Çağ tarihi araştırmalarında bir kaynak olarak önemi ve değeri malumdur. Necmüd-dîn-i Dâyenin Mirsâdül-ʿibâdı da 13. yüzyıl İslâm dünyasının ve Anadolusunun idarî, dinî ve içtimaî durumuna dair kıymetli bir kaynaktır. O, eserinde çeşitli vesilelerle döneminin siyasî, idarî ve içtimaî hayat ve faaliyetlerine dair eleştirilerde bulunmuştur. Bu bildiride, Necmüd-dîn-i Dâyenin Mirsâdül-ʿibâdında tespit edilen politika, yönetim ve toplum eleştirileri; Moğollara yönelik eleştiriler, felsefecilere yönelik eleştiriler, sosyal eleştiriler, hükümdarlara yönelik eleştiriler ve devlet adamlarına yönelik eleştiriler başlıkları altında ortaya konularak, bunlara dair değerlendirmelerde bulunulacaktır.

Article Details

Political, Administrative and Social Criticism in the Merṣād Al-ʿebād of the Kubrāvī Shaykh Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya, Who Migrated to Anadolu During the Mongol Invasion

Authors:

Sinan Tarifci

Publisher:

Hitit University

Main Topics:

Türk İslam Devletleri Tarihi

Journal:

Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.18 Issue Türkistan'dan Anadolu'ya İrfan Geleneği: Abdal Ata Özel Sayısı, pp.57-72

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327231

pISSN:

2757-7449

Nad̲j̲m al-Dīn Dāya

Merṣād al-ʿebād

Mongol Invasion

Anatolia

CriticismNecmü’d-dîn-i Dâye

Mirsâdü’l-ʿibâd

Moğol İstilası

Anadolu

Eleştiri

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Sinan Tarifci

Publisher: Hitit University

Main Topics: Türk İslam Devletleri Tarihi

Journal: Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.18 Issue Türkistan'dan Anadolu'ya İrfan Geleneği: Abdal Ata Özel Sayısı, pp.57-72

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 3/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001327231

pISSN: 2757-7449

Issues

Authors:

Sinan Tarifci

Publisher:

Hitit University

Main Topics:

Türk İslam Devletleri Tarihi

Journal:

Hitit Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Vol.18 Issue Türkistan'dan Anadolu'ya İrfan Geleneği: Abdal Ata Özel Sayısı, pp.57-72

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001327231

pISSN:

2757-7449