The Ottoman Empire's Peak Era in the Science of Qiraat: The 18th Century AD

Halil İbrahim Üren

Article Details

The Ottoman Empire's Peak Era in the Science of Qiraat: The 18th Century AD

Authors:

Halil İbrahim Üren

Publisher:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Main Topics:

İslam Tarihi

Journal:

İSTEM Issue 45, pp.187-202

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353653

pISSN:

1304-0618

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Since its foundation, the activities related to the science of qirāʾāt in the Ottoman Empire continued unabated with the efforts of many scholarly figures. This situation gained more momentum in the 18th century AD. This period in the Ottoman Empire was an active period in which qirāʾāt education and training activities continued in most towns and important works on this science were written. In cities such as Istanbul, Amasya, Bursa, Izmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Damascus and Medina, as well as in cities such as Istanbul, Amasya, Bursa, Izmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Damascus and Medina, this activity continued in dār al-qurrās or in masjids, madrasas, tombs, tekkes, zawiyas and outbuildings of large mosques. The 18th century A.D. is marked by the works of Ali al-Mansūrī d. 11341721, Saçaḳlīzāda d. 11451732, Mustafa al-Izmirī d. 11551742, Yūsufefendizāda d. 11671754, Ahmad al-Sūfī d. 11721759, Kettānīzāde al-Naīmī d. 11791766, Sayyid Hāmid al-Pāluvī d. ? and Atāullah Efendi d. 12091794. One of the most important features of this century is that the principles of the Istanbul and Egyptian tariqa, which were the methods of Ottoman qirāʾāt teaching, became completely systematised and created professions such as itilāf, sufī, mutkın and atāullāh. It is an important achievement for the 18th century that the teaching of the professions of Sūfī and Atāullah is still valid in our country. It is also noteworthy that Ali al-Mansūrī and Mustafa al-Izmīrī contributed to the emergence of the schools called Madrasah al-Mansūrī and Madrasah al-Izmīrī, which had an impact on the shaping of the qirāʾāt education in the following period with their studies on the science of tahrīrāt. In this article, the 18th century in the Ottoman Empire in terms of the science of qirāʾāt is discussed in general terms. It is shown that the 18th century was a peak period in the science of qirāʾāt in the Ottoman Empire by including issues such as the status of qirāʾāt education, important personalities, characteristics, and prominent issues of the period in question.

 Since its foundation, the activities related to the science of qirāʾāt in the Ottoman Empire continued unabated with the efforts of many scholarly figures. This situation gained more momentum in the 18th century AD. This period in the Ottoman Empire was an active period in which qirāʾāt education and training activities continued in most towns and important works on this science were written. In cities such as Istanbul, Amasya, Bursa, Izmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Damascus and Medina, as well as in cities such as Istanbul, Amasya, Bursa, Izmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Damascus and Medina, this activity continued in dār al-qurrās or in masjids, madrasas, tombs, tekkes, zawiyas and outbuildings of large mosques. The 18th century A.D. is marked by the works of Ali al-Mansūrī d. 11341721, Saçaḳlīzāda d. 11451732, Mustafa al-Izmirī d. 11551742, Yūsufefendizāda d. 11671754, Ahmad al-Sūfī d. 11721759, Kettānīzāde al-Naīmī d. 11791766, Sayyid Hāmid al-Pāluvī d. ? and Atāullah Efendi d. 12091794. One of the most important features of this century is that the principles of the Istanbul and Egyptian tariqa, which were the methods of Ottoman qirāʾāt teaching, became completely systematised and created professions such as itilāf, sufī, mutkın and atāullāh. It is an important achievement for the 18th century that the teaching of the professions of Sūfī and Atāullah is still valid in our country. It is also noteworthy that Ali al-Mansūrī and Mustafa al-Izmīrī contributed to the emergence of the schools called Madrasah al-Mansūrī and Madrasah al-Izmīrī, which had an impact on the shaping of the qirāʾāt education in the following period with their studies on the science of tahrīrāt. In this article, the 18th century in the Ottoman Empire in terms of the science of qirāʾāt is discussed in general terms. It is shown that the 18th century was a peak period in the science of qirāʾāt in the Ottoman Empire by including issues such as the status of qirāʾāt education, important personalities, characteristics, and prominent issues of the period in question.

 Since its foundation, the activities related to the science of qirāʾāt in the Ottoman Empire continued unabated with the efforts of many scholarly figures. This situation gained more momentum in the 18th century AD. This period in the Ottoman Empire was an active period in which qirāʾāt education and training activities continued in most towns and important works on this science were written. In cities such as Istanbul, Amasya, Bursa, Izmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Damascus and Medina, as well as in cities such as Istanbul, Amasya, Bursa, Izmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Damascus and Medina, this activity continued in dār al-qurrās or in masjids, madrasas, tombs, tekkes, zawiyas and outbuildings of large mosques. The 18th century A.D. is marked by the works of Ali al-Mansūrī d. 11341721, Saçaḳlīzāda d. 11451732, Mustafa al-Izmirī d. 11551742, Yūsufefendizāda d. 11671754, Ahmad al-Sūfī d. 11721759, Kettānīzāde al-Naīmī d. 11791766, Sayyid Hāmid al-Pāluvī d. ? and Atāullah Efendi d. 12091794. One of the most important features of this century is that the principles of the Istanbul and Egyptian tariqa, which were the methods of Ottoman qirāʾāt teaching, became completely systematised and created professions such as itilāf, sufī, mutkın and atāullāh. It is an important achievement for the 18th century that the teaching of the professions of Sūfī and Atāullah is still valid in our country. It is also noteworthy that Ali al-Mansūrī and Mustafa al-Izmīrī contributed to the emergence of the schools called Madrasah al-Mansūrī and Madrasah al-Izmīrī, which had an impact on the shaping of the qirāʾāt education in the following period with their studies on the science of tahrīrāt. In this article, the 18th century in the Ottoman Empire in terms of the science of qirāʾāt is discussed in general terms. It is shown that the 18th century was a peak period in the science of qirāʾāt in the Ottoman Empire by including issues such as the status of qirāʾāt education, important personalities, characteristics, and prominent issues of the period in question.

 Kuruluşundan itibaren Osmanlı Devletinde kıraat ilmine dair faaliyetler nice ilmi şahsiyetin gayretleriyle hız kesmeden devam etmiştir. Bu durum milâdî 18. yüzyılda daha da ivme kazanmıştır. Osmanlı Devletinde bu dönem, kıraat eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetinin çoğu beldede devam ettiği ve bu ilme dair önemli eserlerin kaleme alındığı hareketli bir dönemdir. İstanbul başta olmak üzere Amasya, Bursa, İzmir, Maraş, Darende, Ürgüp, Şam ve Medine gibi şehirlerde dârülkurrâlarda veya mescitlerde, medreselerde, türbelerde, tekkelerde, zaviyelerde ve büyük camilerin müştemilatlarında söz konusu hareketlilik hep devam etmiştir. Milâdî 18. asır, kıraat ilmine dair kendi dönemine ve sonrasına iz bırakmış Ali el-Mansûrî ö. 11341721, Saçaklızâde ö. 11451732, Mustafa el-İzmirî ö. 11551742, Yûsufefendizâde ö. 11671754, Ahmed es-Sûfî ö. 11721759, Kettânîzâde en-Naîmî ö. 11791766, Seyyid Hâmid el-Pâluvî ö. ? ve Atâullah Efendi ö. 12091794 gibi önemli şahsiyetlerin yaşadığı zirve bir asırdır. Bu yüzyılın en önemli özelliklerinden biri, Osmanlı kıraat tedrisatına mahsus eğitim metotlarından olan İstanbul ve Mısır tarikinin kaidelerinin tamamen sistematik hale gelerek kendi içlerinde itilâf, sûfî, mütkın ve atâullâh gibi meslekleri ortaya çıkarmasıdır. Bu mesleklerden Sûfî ve Atâullah mesleklerinin tedrisinin ülkemizde halen geçerliliğini koruması 18. asır adına önemli bir kazanımdır. Yine Ali el-Mansûrînin ve Mustafa el-İzmirînin tahrîrât ilmi konusunda yapmış oldukları çalışmalarla sonraki dönem kıraat tedrisatının şekillenmesinde etkisi olan Medresetül-Mansûrî ve Medresetül-İzmîrî diye isimlendirilen ekollerinin ortaya çıkmasına katkı sunmuş olmaları kayda değer bir husustur. Bu makalede kıraat ilmi açısından Osmanlı Devletinde miladi 18. yüzyıl genel hatlarıyla ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu dönemin kıraat eğitiminin durumu, önemli şahsiyetleri, özellikleri, öne çıkan hususları gibi meselelere yer verilerek 18. asrın, Osmanlı Devletinde kıraat ilminde zirve bir dönem olduğu gösterilmiştir.

Article Details

The Ottoman Empire's Peak Era in the Science of Qiraat: The 18th Century AD

Authors:

Halil İbrahim Üren

Publisher:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Main Topics:

İslam Tarihi

Journal:

İSTEM Issue 45, pp.187-202

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353653

pISSN:

1304-0618

Qur'an Recitation and Qiraat Science

Ottoman Empire

18th Century AD

Qurrâ

Qiraat Education and TeachingKur’ân-ı Kerîm Okuma ve Kıraat İlmi

Osmanlı Devleti

Miladi 18. Yüzyıl

Kurrâ

Kıraat Eğitimi ve Öğretimi

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Halil İbrahim Üren

Publisher: Necmettin Erbakan University

Main Topics: İslam Tarihi

Journal: İSTEM Issue 45, pp.187-202

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353653

pISSN: 1304-0618

Issues

Authors:

Halil İbrahim Üren

Publisher:

Necmettin Erbakan University

Main Topics:

İslam Tarihi

Journal:

İSTEM Issue 45, pp.187-202

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353653

pISSN:

1304-0618