Impact of Time Delay Margin on the Stability of Load Frequency Systems with Electric Vehicle Aggregator

A.Jawahar; K. Ramakrishnan

doi:10.5455/jjee.204-1636958206

Article Details

Impact of Time Delay Margin on the Stability of Load Frequency Systems with Electric Vehicle Aggregator

Authors:

A.Jawahar | K. Ramakrishnan

Publisher:

Tafila Technical University, Jordan

Journal:

Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering (JJEE) Vol.8 Issue 2, pp.151-164

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001390679

pISSN:

2409-9619

DOI:

10.5455/jjee.204-1636958206

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Open channel communication is a major prerequisite for next generation power networks in which time delays are inevitable. Due to unforeseen variations in the load demand, the mismatch between power generation and demand occurs. If this situation is not properly tackled, it may induce some unintended consequences like fluctuations in the tie-line power and system frequency which are highly undesirable. To ensure grid reliability, the frequency should always stay within its stipulated range. This is accomplished by load frequency control (LFC) technique. In networked LFC systems, load frequency regulation signals are transferred via communication networks, causing time delays in the feedback paths that can destabilize the power grid. As a consequence, for ensuring stability, the stable delay margin must, therefore, be determined. In this paper, the delay-dependent stability problem of two area LFC systems combined with electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) is addressed. The conducted Lyapunov based analysis yields a stable delay margin within which the closed loop system remains asymptotically stable. Moreover, the analytical delay margin values are validated using the simulation studies. In the sequel, the effect of participating factors on the system stability is also investigated.

Article Details

Impact of Time Delay Margin on the Stability of Load Frequency Systems with Electric Vehicle Aggregator

Authors:

A.Jawahar | K. Ramakrishnan

Publisher:

Tafila Technical University, Jordan

Journal:

Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering (JJEE) Vol.8 Issue 2, pp.151-164

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001390679

pISSN:

2409-9619

DOI:

10.5455/jjee.204-1636958206

Load frequency control

Delay-dependent stability

Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional

Linear matrix inequality

Electric Vehicle Aggregator

Stability criterion

Issues

Article Details

Impact of Time Delay Margin on the Stability of Load Frequency Systems with Electric Vehicle Aggregator

Authors: A.Jawahar | K. Ramakrishnan

Publisher: Tafila Technical University, Jordan

Journal: Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering (JJEE) Vol.8 Issue 2, pp.151-164

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2026

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001390679

pISSN: 2409-9619

DOI: 10.5455/jjee.204-1636958206

Load frequency control

Delay-dependent stability

Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional

Linear matrix inequality

Electric Vehicle Aggregator

Stability criterion

Issues

Authors:

A.Jawahar | K. Ramakrishnan

Publisher:

Tafila Technical University, Jordan

Journal:

Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering (JJEE) Vol.8 Issue 2, pp.151-164

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001390679

pISSN:

2409-9619

DOI:

10.5455/jjee.204-1636958206