Opinions on the Effect of the Mistake in the Declaration of Will in Islamic Law on Verbal Dispositions

Mehmet Selim Aslan

Article Details

Opinions on the Effect of the Mistake in the Declaration of Will in Islamic Law on Verbal Dispositions

Authors:

Mehmet Selim Aslan

Publisher:

Cukurova University

Journal:

Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD) Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.38-52

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295014

pISSN:

2564-6427

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The existence of legal transactions, which have an important place in human life, depends on the presence of statements such as words and writings that show intention. Because intention can only be reflected outwardly using accounts. In Islamic law, in principle, it is accepted that an adult and intelligent person speaks words related to legal acts intentionally. For this reason, the person who claims he pronounced the statement about verbal dispositions by mistake is asked to prove his claim. However, there may be a discrepancy between the statement and the intention, sometimes unintentionally and sometimes intentionally. If there is a discrepancy between the declaration and the intention, does the declaration have legal consequences? In such a case, whether to prioritise the statement or the intention is a controversial issue among jurists. For this reason, in this study, we have focused on the legal value of verbal dispositions that occur by mistake and the views of the sects on the subject. Here, we aimed to determine the approaches of the sects regarding verbal tendencies that arise as a result of mistakes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to reveal the nature and scope of mistake, its effect on contracts and dispositions, and the views of the jurists on the subject.

 The existence of legal transactions, which have an important place in human life, depends on the presence of statements such as words and writings that show intention. Because intention can only be reflected outwardly using accounts. In Islamic law, in principle, it is accepted that an adult and intelligent person speaks words related to legal acts intentionally. For this reason, the person who claims he pronounced the statement about verbal dispositions by mistake is asked to prove his claim. However, there may be a discrepancy between the statement and the intention, sometimes unintentionally and sometimes intentionally. If there is a discrepancy between the declaration and the intention, does the declaration have legal consequences? In such a case, whether to prioritise the statement or the intention is a controversial issue among jurists. For this reason, in this study, we have focused on the legal value of verbal dispositions that occur by mistake and the views of the sects on the subject. Here, we aimed to determine the approaches of the sects regarding verbal tendencies that arise as a result of mistakes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to reveal the nature and scope of mistake, its effect on contracts and dispositions, and the views of the jurists on the subject.

 The existence of legal transactions, which have an important place in human life, depends on the presence of statements such as words and writings that show intention. Because intention can only be reflected outwardly using accounts. In Islamic law, in principle, it is accepted that an adult and intelligent person speaks words related to legal acts intentionally. For this reason, the person who claims he pronounced the statement about verbal dispositions by mistake is asked to prove his claim. However, there may be a discrepancy between the statement and the intention, sometimes unintentionally and sometimes intentionally. If there is a discrepancy between the declaration and the intention, does the declaration have legal consequences? In such a case, whether to prioritise the statement or the intention is a controversial issue among jurists. For this reason, in this study, we have focused on the legal value of verbal dispositions that occur by mistake and the views of the sects on the subject. Here, we aimed to determine the approaches of the sects regarding verbal tendencies that arise as a result of mistakes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to reveal the nature and scope of mistake, its effect on contracts and dispositions, and the views of the jurists on the subject.

 İnsanın hayatında önemli yer tutan hukukî işlemlerin varlığı kastı gösteren söz ve yazı gibi beyanların bulunmasına bağlıdır. Çünkü kasıt, ancak beyan vasıtalarıyla dışa aksettirilebilir. İslam hukukunda prensip olarak bâliğ ve akıllı olan kimsenin hukukî tasarruflarla ilgili sözleri kasıtlı bir şekilde söylediği kabul edilir. Bu nedenle sözlü tasarruflarla ilgili beyanı hatayla telaffuz ettiğini iddia eden kimseden iddiasını ispat etmesi istenir. Ancak bazen kasıtsız bazen kasıtlı olmak üzere beyan ile kasıt arasında uyum bulunmayabilir. Beyan ile kasıt arasında uyumsuzluk varsa beyana hukukî sonuçlar terettüp eder mi? Böyle bir durumda beyana mı itibar edileceği yoksa kasta mı öncelik verileceği, fakihler arasında tartışmalı bir konudur. Bu nedenle çalışmada hatayla meydana gelen sözlü tasarrufların hukukî açıdan değerini ve mezheplerin konuyla ilgili görüşlerini konu edindik. Burada, mezheplerin hata neticesinde meydana gelen sözlü tasarruflara ilişkin yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesini hedefledik. Böylece çalışmada hatanın mahiyeti ve kapsamını, akit ve tasarruflara etkisini, fakihlerin konuyla ilgili görüşlerini ortaya koymayı amaç edindik.

Article Details

Opinions on the Effect of the Mistake in the Declaration of Will in Islamic Law on Verbal Dispositions

Authors:

Mehmet Selim Aslan

Publisher:

Cukurova University

Journal:

Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD) Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.38-52

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295014

pISSN:

2564-6427

Islamic Law

Verbal Disposition

Statement of Will

Error

Effect of Errorİslam Hukuku

Sözlü Tasarruf

İrade Beyanı

Hata

Hatanın Etkisi.

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Mehmet Selim Aslan

Publisher: Cukurova University

Journal: Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD) Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.38-52

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001295014

pISSN: 2564-6427

Issues

Authors:

Mehmet Selim Aslan

Publisher:

Cukurova University

Journal:

Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD) Vol.23 Issue 1, pp.38-52

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295014

pISSN:

2564-6427