A DIACHRONIC STUDY ON WORDS BORROWED FROM MONGOLIAN RELATED TO ADMINISTRATION AND MILITARY IN KAZAKH

Serdar Özdemir

Article Details

A DIACHRONIC STUDY ON WORDS BORROWED FROM MONGOLIAN RELATED TO ADMINISTRATION AND MILITARY IN KAZAKH

Authors:

Serdar Özdemir

Publisher:

Dokuz Eylul University

Main Topics:

Dünya Dilleri | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)

Journal:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 3, pp.1392-1426

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001345812

pISSN:

1308-0911

Keywords:

Abstract:

 This study examines Mongolic-origin words related to governance and the military in Kazakh from a historical perspective. The long-standing political and military interactions between the Turkic and Mongolic peoples facilitated lexical exchange between their languages. Due to the influence of the Mongol Empire in Central Asia, many Mongolic terms entered the Turkic language and became permanent over time. The research explores the historical transformations, semantic shifts, and contemporary usage of loanwords from Mongolic in Kazakh. The study provides a detailed analysis of words such as noyan leader, ruler, batyr hero, warrior, nöker soldier, companion, and karavıl guard, sentry, examining their original Mongolic forms, phonetic changes, and adaptation into Turkic languages using comparative linguistic methods. Additionally, the study investigates the usage and lexical features of these words nöker, noyan, karavıl, batyr, etc. in other Turkic dialects, including Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Kumyk, Tatar, Turkmen, and Gagauz. These Mongolic-origin words are not merely linguistic borrowings but also provide significant insights into the historical and socio-cultural structure of Turkic societies. This research aims to enhance understanding of the Mongolic influence on Kazakh and serve as a foundation for future studies.

 This study examines Mongolic-origin words related to governance and the military in Kazakh from a historical perspective. The long-standing political and military interactions between the Turkic and Mongolic peoples facilitated lexical exchange between their languages. Due to the influence of the Mongol Empire in Central Asia, many Mongolic terms entered the Turkic language and became permanent over time. The research explores the historical transformations, semantic shifts, and contemporary usage of loanwords from Mongolic in Kazakh. The study provides a detailed analysis of words such as noyan leader, ruler, batyr hero, warrior, nöker soldier, companion, and karavıl guard, sentry, examining their original Mongolic forms, phonetic changes, and adaptation into Turkic languages using comparative linguistic methods. Additionally, the study investigates the usage and lexical features of these words nöker, noyan, karavıl, batyr, etc. in other Turkic dialects, including Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Kumyk, Tatar, Turkmen, and Gagauz. These Mongolic-origin words are not merely linguistic borrowings but also provide significant insights into the historical and socio-cultural structure of Turkic societies. This research aims to enhance understanding of the Mongolic influence on Kazakh and serve as a foundation for future studies.

 This study examines Mongolic-origin words related to governance and the military in Kazakh from a historical perspective. The long-standing political and military interactions between the Turkic and Mongolic peoples facilitated lexical exchange between their languages. Due to the influence of the Mongol Empire in Central Asia, many Mongolic terms entered the Turkic language and became permanent over time. The research explores the historical transformations, semantic shifts, and contemporary usage of loanwords from Mongolic in Kazakh. The study provides a detailed analysis of words such as noyan leader, ruler, batyr hero, warrior, nöker soldier, companion, and karavıl guard, sentry, examining their original Mongolic forms, phonetic changes, and adaptation into Turkic languages using comparative linguistic methods. Additionally, the study investigates the usage and lexical features of these words nöker, noyan, karavıl, batyr, etc. in other Turkic dialects, including Kyrgyz, Karakalpak, Bashkir, Kumyk, Tatar, Turkmen, and Gagauz. These Mongolic-origin words are not merely linguistic borrowings but also provide significant insights into the historical and socio-cultural structure of Turkic societies. This research aims to enhance understanding of the Mongolic influence on Kazakh and serve as a foundation for future studies.

 Bu çalışma, Kazakçadaki yönetim ve askerlikle ilgili Moğolca kökenli kelimeleri tarihsel bir perspektifle incelemektedir. Türk ve Moğol halkları arasındaki uzun süreli siyasî ve askerî etkileşimler, diller arasında kelime alışverişine yol açmıştır. Moğol İmparatorluğunun Orta Asya üzerindeki etkisiyle, Moğolca kökenli birçok terim Türk diline girmiş ve zamanla kalıcı hâle gelmiştir. Araştırma, Moğolcadan ödünçlenen kelimelerin tarihî süreç içerisindeki değişimlerini, anlam kaymalarını ve günümüz Kazakçasındaki kullanımını ele almaktadır. Çalışmada, noyan lider, yönetici, batır kahraman, savaşçı, nöker asker, yoldaş ve karavıl nöbetçi, muhafız gibi kelimeler detaylı olarak analiz edilmiş, bu kelimelerin Moğolca asılları, fonetik değişimleri ve Türkçeye geçiş süreçleri karşılaştırmalı dilbilim yöntemleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma ile aynı zamanda mevcut kelimelerin nöker, noyan, karavıl, batır vb. diğer Türk lehçelerindeki Kırgızca, Karakalpakça, Başkurtça, Kumukça, Tatarca, Türkmence, Gagavuzca vb. kullanım ve leksik anlamları da ele alınmıştır. Moğolca kökenli bu kelimeler yalnızca dilsel ödünçlemeler olarak değil, aynı zamanda Türk toplumunun tarihî ve sosyokültürel yapısına dair önemli ipuçları da sunmaktadır. Çalışma, Kazakçadaki Moğol etkisini daha iyi anlamaya katkı sağlamayı ve gelecek araştırmalara ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Article Details

A DIACHRONIC STUDY ON WORDS BORROWED FROM MONGOLIAN RELATED TO ADMINISTRATION AND MILITARY IN KAZAKH

Authors:

Serdar Özdemir

Publisher:

Dokuz Eylul University

Main Topics:

Dünya Dilleri | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)

Journal:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 3, pp.1392-1426

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001345812

pISSN:

1308-0911

Kazakh

Mongolian

Lexical Borrowing

Military and Administrative Terms

Historical Turkic DialectsKazakça

Moğolca

Kelime Ödünçlemesi

Askerî ve Yönetimsel Terimler

Tarihî Türk Lehçeleri

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Serdar Özdemir

Publisher: Dokuz Eylul University

Main Topics: Dünya Dilleri | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)

Journal: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 3, pp.1392-1426

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001345812

pISSN: 1308-0911

Issues

Authors:

Serdar Özdemir

Publisher:

Dokuz Eylul University

Main Topics:

Dünya Dilleri | Edebiyatı ve Kültürü (Diğer)

Journal:

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Vol.27 Issue 3, pp.1392-1426

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001345812

pISSN:

1308-0911