TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)

Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu

Article Details

TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)

Authors:

Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu

Publisher:

Ege University

Main Topics:

Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Journal:

Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.669-696

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335903

pISSN:

0257-4152

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In Ottoman criminal law, intentional homicide and theft were classified under the category of hudud fixed punishments, and their penalties were predetermined and unchangeable. On the other hand, tazir punishments may be applied in cases where the elements of the crime were not fully established to warrant hudud punishments or where the offense had no fixed penalty under the law. This study aims to examine the discretionary punishments tazir that were applied instead of the prescribed penalties hudud and qisas for crimes that have established rulings under the fundamental principles of Islamic criminal law as documented in the Katl ve Sirkat Defteri Murder and Theft Book. The research will explore how these punishments were implemented in practice, and under what conditions and circumstances discretionary punishments were applied for crimes with fixed penalties. The study will explore the procedures for bringing such cases to court, the investigative and decision-making stages, and whether the sentences maintained a balance between the crime and punishment. Additionally, it will seek to identify the factors that either mitigated or aggravated the severity of the imposed punishments. This article, enriched with documents from various classifications in the Ottoman archives, examines both the 1256 Penal Code and the scope of the 1267 reforms. It aims to analyze how the processes of change and adaptation in Ottoman criminal law during the Tanzimat era influenced the application of crime and punishment.

 In Ottoman criminal law, intentional homicide and theft were classified under the category of hudud fixed punishments, and their penalties were predetermined and unchangeable. On the other hand, tazir punishments may be applied in cases where the elements of the crime were not fully established to warrant hudud punishments or where the offense had no fixed penalty under the law. This study aims to examine the discretionary punishments tazir that were applied instead of the prescribed penalties hudud and qisas for crimes that have established rulings under the fundamental principles of Islamic criminal law as documented in the Katl ve Sirkat Defteri Murder and Theft Book. The research will explore how these punishments were implemented in practice, and under what conditions and circumstances discretionary punishments were applied for crimes with fixed penalties. The study will explore the procedures for bringing such cases to court, the investigative and decision-making stages, and whether the sentences maintained a balance between the crime and punishment. Additionally, it will seek to identify the factors that either mitigated or aggravated the severity of the imposed punishments. This article, enriched with documents from various classifications in the Ottoman archives, examines both the 1256 Penal Code and the scope of the 1267 reforms. It aims to analyze how the processes of change and adaptation in Ottoman criminal law during the Tanzimat era influenced the application of crime and punishment.

 In Ottoman criminal law, intentional homicide and theft were classified under the category of hudud fixed punishments, and their penalties were predetermined and unchangeable. On the other hand, tazir punishments may be applied in cases where the elements of the crime were not fully established to warrant hudud punishments or where the offense had no fixed penalty under the law. This study aims to examine the discretionary punishments tazir that were applied instead of the prescribed penalties hudud and qisas for crimes that have established rulings under the fundamental principles of Islamic criminal law as documented in the Katl ve Sirkat Defteri Murder and Theft Book. The research will explore how these punishments were implemented in practice, and under what conditions and circumstances discretionary punishments were applied for crimes with fixed penalties. The study will explore the procedures for bringing such cases to court, the investigative and decision-making stages, and whether the sentences maintained a balance between the crime and punishment. Additionally, it will seek to identify the factors that either mitigated or aggravated the severity of the imposed punishments. This article, enriched with documents from various classifications in the Ottoman archives, examines both the 1256 Penal Code and the scope of the 1267 reforms. It aims to analyze how the processes of change and adaptation in Ottoman criminal law during the Tanzimat era influenced the application of crime and punishment.

 Osmanlı ceza hukukunda kasten öldürme ve hırsızlık suçlarının cezası hadler kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir ve cezaları sabittir. Tazir cezaları ise, suçun unsurlarının tam oluşmadığı durumlarda had cezaları yerine uygulanabileceği gibi, cezası belirlenmemiş suçlar için de hükme konu olur. Bu çalışma İslam ceza hukukunun temel prensiplerine göre hükmü belli olan had ve kısas suçlarına verilen cezaların yerine uygulanan tazir hükümlerini Katl ve Sirkat Defteri üzerinden incelemeyi hedeflemektedir. Söz konusu cezaların uygulamaya nasıl yansıdığı, cezaları sabit suçlar için tazir cezasının hangi şart ve durumlarda uygulamaya konulduğu sorusuna cevap aranacaktır. Bu davaların mahkemeye taşınma, tahkikat ve karar alma süreçleri, verilen cezalarda suç-ceza dengesinin gözetilip gözetilmediği, cezayı hafifleten veya ağırlaştıran etkenlerin neler olduğu açığa çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır. Osmanlı arşivindeki farklı tasniflerde yer alan belgelerle zenginleştirilecek makalede, 1256 tarihli ceza kanunnamesinin yanında 1267 tarihli yeni düzenlemenin uygulama alanlarına da yer verilmiştir. Tanzimat dönemi Osmanlı ceza hukukunun değişim ve adaptasyon süreçlerinin suç ve ceza uygulamalarında nasıl bir etki yarattığı analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Article Details

TAʿZĪR PROVISIONS APPLIED TO MURDER AND THEFT CRIMES IN OTTOMAN CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE TANZIMAT PERIOD (Example of the Murder and Theft Book No. 471)

Authors:

Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu

Publisher:

Ege University

Main Topics:

Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Journal:

Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.669-696

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335903

pISSN:

0257-4152

Ottoman Law

Intentional Homicide

Theft

Hadd

TazirOsmanlı Hukuku

Kasten Öldürme

Hırsızlık

Had

Tazir.

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu

Publisher: Ege University

Main Topics: Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Journal: Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.669-696

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2024

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001335903

pISSN: 0257-4152

Issues

Authors:

Saliha Okur Gümrükçüoğlu

Publisher:

Ege University

Main Topics:

Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Journal:

Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi Vol.39 Issue 2, pp.669-696

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001335903

pISSN:

0257-4152