Effects of smoking on the cardiopulmonary modulation during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals

Ajar Koçak; Onur Yıldırım; Ayhan Coşgun; Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkanı

Article Details

Effects of smoking on the cardiopulmonary modulation during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals

Authors:

Ajar Koçak | Onur Yıldırım | Ayhan Coşgun | Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkanı

Publisher:

MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık

Main Topics:

Kardiyoloji

Journal:

Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care Vol.4 Issue 5, pp.406-411

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302575

pISSN:

2717-7505

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall effects of smoking and its duration on various cardiopulmonary modulation mechanisms during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-three 142 smokers and 101 non-smokers, middle-aged, non-obese, healthy individuals were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Parameters of pulmonary function including forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 and FEV1FVC ratio were evaluated using a spirometer and systolic pulmonary artery pressure sPAP were measured by echocardiography on rest and during various levels of exercise. A treadmill exercise test was used to assess heart rate recovery index HRRI, the chronotropic index CI and the maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise VO2max. Results: Resting sPAP values were higher and FEV1, FVC and FEV1FVC values were lower among smokers. As compared to resting values; FEV1 and FEV1FVC ratio in smokers decreased significantly at peak exercise level 2.660.54 vs 2.350.49, p0.01 and 81.578.21 vs 75.118.12, p0.01 respectively. The HRRI values of all 1st, 2nd and 3rd minutes were significantly lower in the smoker group. Similar results were observed with CI and VO2max values 0.670.21 vs 0.760.19, p0.01 and 34.914.63 vs 38.473.24, p0.01 respectively. In addition, all mentioned parameters were significantly correlated with smoking duration. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with a variety of adverse effects that may eventually reduce the exercise capacity of healthy individuals. These effects can manifest at early stages, and their severity correlates significantly with smoking duration.

 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall effects of smoking and its duration on various cardiopulmonary modulation mechanisms during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-three 142 smokers and 101 non-smokers, middle-aged, non-obese, healthy individuals were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Parameters of pulmonary function including forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 and FEV1FVC ratio were evaluated using a spirometer and systolic pulmonary artery pressure sPAP were measured by echocardiography on rest and during various levels of exercise. A treadmill exercise test was used to assess heart rate recovery index HRRI, the chronotropic index CI and the maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise VO2max. Results: Resting sPAP values were higher and FEV1, FVC and FEV1FVC values were lower among smokers. As compared to resting values; FEV1 and FEV1FVC ratio in smokers decreased significantly at peak exercise level 2.660.54 vs 2.350.49, p0.01 and 81.578.21 vs 75.118.12, p0.01 respectively. The HRRI values of all 1st, 2nd and 3rd minutes were significantly lower in the smoker group. Similar results were observed with CI and VO2max values 0.670.21 vs 0.760.19, p0.01 and 34.914.63 vs 38.473.24, p0.01 respectively. In addition, all mentioned parameters were significantly correlated with smoking duration. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with a variety of adverse effects that may eventually reduce the exercise capacity of healthy individuals. These effects can manifest at early stages, and their severity correlates significantly with smoking duration.

 Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the overall effects of smoking and its duration on various cardiopulmonary modulation mechanisms during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-three 142 smokers and 101 non-smokers, middle-aged, non-obese, healthy individuals were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Parameters of pulmonary function including forced vital capacity FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second FEV1 and FEV1FVC ratio were evaluated using a spirometer and systolic pulmonary artery pressure sPAP were measured by echocardiography on rest and during various levels of exercise. A treadmill exercise test was used to assess heart rate recovery index HRRI, the chronotropic index CI and the maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise VO2max. Results: Resting sPAP values were higher and FEV1, FVC and FEV1FVC values were lower among smokers. As compared to resting values; FEV1 and FEV1FVC ratio in smokers decreased significantly at peak exercise level 2.660.54 vs 2.350.49, p0.01 and 81.578.21 vs 75.118.12, p0.01 respectively. The HRRI values of all 1st, 2nd and 3rd minutes were significantly lower in the smoker group. Similar results were observed with CI and VO2max values 0.670.21 vs 0.760.19, p0.01 and 34.914.63 vs 38.473.24, p0.01 respectively. In addition, all mentioned parameters were significantly correlated with smoking duration. Conclusion: Smoking is associated with a variety of adverse effects that may eventually reduce the exercise capacity of healthy individuals. These effects can manifest at early stages, and their severity correlates significantly with smoking duration.

 Amaçlar: Bu çalışmada, orta yaşlı obez olmayan sağlıklı bireylerde, sigara içmenin egzersiz sırasındaki çeşitli kardiyopulmoner modülasyon mekanizmaları üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya 243 142 sigara içen ve 101 sigara içmeyen katılımcı dahil edildi. Zorlu vital kapasite FVC, zorlu ekspiryumun 1. saniyesinde çıkarılan hava hacmi FEV1 ve FEV1FVC oranı gibi solunum fonksiyon parametrelerinin yanı sıra ekokardiyografi kullanarak sistolik pulmoner arter basıncı sPAP istirahat ve egzersiz sırasında ölçüldü. Kalp atış hızı toparlanma indeksini HRRI, kronotropik indeks CI ve egzersiz sırasında maksimum oksijen tüketim oranını VO2max değerlendirmek için egzersiz testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Sigara içenlerde istirahat sPAP değerleri daha yüksek, FEV1, FVC ve FEV1FVC değerleri daha düşüktü. Dinlenme değerleri ile karşılaştırıldığında; Sigara içenlerde FEV1 ve FEV1FVC oranı egzersizin zirve noktasında anlamlı olarak azaldı sırasıyla 2,660,54e karşı 2,350,49, p0,01 ve 81,578,21e karşı 75,118,12, p0,01. Ayrıca, tüm HRRI değerleri sigara içen grupta anlamlı olarak düşüktü. CI ve VO2max değerlerinde de benzer sonuçlar gözlendi sırasıyla 0,670,21e karşı 0,760,19, p0,01 ve 34,914,63e karşı 38,473,24, p0,01. Tüm bu parametreler sigara kullanım süresi ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili bulundu. Sonuç: Sigara kullanımı, sağlıklı bireylerin egzersiz kapasitesini azaltabilecek çeşitli etkilerle ilişkilidir. Bu etkiler erken dönemde ortaya çıkabildiği gibi, şiddetleri sigara kullanım süresi ile anlamlı olarak ilişkilidir.

Article Details

Effects of smoking on the cardiopulmonary modulation during physical exercise in middle-aged non-obese healthy individuals

Authors:

Ajar Koçak | Onur Yıldırım | Ayhan Coşgun | Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkanı

Publisher:

MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık

Main Topics:

Kardiyoloji

Journal:

Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care Vol.4 Issue 5, pp.406-411

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302575

pISSN:

2717-7505

Smoking

physical exercise

cardiopulmonary function

chronotropic incompetenceSigara

egzersiz

kardiyopulmoner fonksiyon

kronotropik yetersizlik

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ajar Koçak | Onur Yıldırım | Ayhan Coşgun | Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkanı

Publisher: MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık

Main Topics: Kardiyoloji

Journal: Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care Vol.4 Issue 5, pp.406-411

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 10/2023

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001302575

pISSN: 2717-7505

Issues

Authors:

Ajar Koçak | Onur Yıldırım | Ayhan Coşgun | Mustafa Hamidullah Türkkanı

Publisher:

MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık

Main Topics:

Kardiyoloji

Journal:

Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care Vol.4 Issue 5, pp.406-411

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001302575

pISSN:

2717-7505