British Reaction against German Entrepreneurship in Iran at the Beginning of 20th Century on the Foreign Office Documents

Aykut Dalak

Article Details

British Reaction against German Entrepreneurship in Iran at the Beginning of 20th Century on the Foreign Office Documents

Authors:

Aykut Dalak

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Avrupa Çalışmaları | Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1824-1844

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001328089

pISSN:

2147-1185

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Throughout the 19th century, Great Britain widened her economic and commercial net all over the world thanks to her navy and trade agreements. Through that century, Iran policy of Great Britain was transformed considerably. Iran at first was a subheading of India policy of the Foreign Office. After the first half of the century, Iran, though not so much as India, became a region of competition in terms of not only political blocking, but of economic and commercial interests with Russia. Great Britain aimed specifically at gaining concessions in return of concluding loan agreements for Qajar governments because accumulation of capital in Great Britain owing to protective duties carried out against foreign goods needed to flow into the lands virgin with regard to capitalism. Following the crisis of 1873, British capital or capital supported by the Foreign Office was invested in Asia and Africa, which Iran was a significant example of. The only rival of hers in Iran was Russia during the century. Germany, however, rose as a third power at the beginning of the next century, which led Great Britain and Russia to agree on the spheres of influence. After that, Great Britain tried to keep Germany away from Iran. Germany struggled to do the same as Great Britain had been doing via banking, concessions, etc. In the light of the documents of the Foreign Office, this paper aims to shed light on the reaction of Great Britain against the entrepreneurship efforts of Germany to find new markets for her capital by employing the qualitative method on historical research design and document analysis has been utilised to collect data. Referring to classifications of the Foreign Office -Affairs of Persia and Arabia and Affairs of Persia in the National Archives, this paper tries to reveal how Great Britain and her representatives in the region reacted against Germanys attempts to acquire economic and commercial interests in Iran.

 Throughout the 19th century, Great Britain widened her economic and commercial net all over the world thanks to her navy and trade agreements. Through that century, Iran policy of Great Britain was transformed considerably. Iran at first was a subheading of India policy of the Foreign Office. After the first half of the century, Iran, though not so much as India, became a region of competition in terms of not only political blocking, but of economic and commercial interests with Russia. Great Britain aimed specifically at gaining concessions in return of concluding loan agreements for Qajar governments because accumulation of capital in Great Britain owing to protective duties carried out against foreign goods needed to flow into the lands virgin with regard to capitalism. Following the crisis of 1873, British capital or capital supported by the Foreign Office was invested in Asia and Africa, which Iran was a significant example of. The only rival of hers in Iran was Russia during the century. Germany, however, rose as a third power at the beginning of the next century, which led Great Britain and Russia to agree on the spheres of influence. After that, Great Britain tried to keep Germany away from Iran. Germany struggled to do the same as Great Britain had been doing via banking, concessions, etc. In the light of the documents of the Foreign Office, this paper aims to shed light on the reaction of Great Britain against the entrepreneurship efforts of Germany to find new markets for her capital by employing the qualitative method on historical research design and document analysis has been utilised to collect data. Referring to classifications of the Foreign Office -Affairs of Persia and Arabia and Affairs of Persia in the National Archives, this paper tries to reveal how Great Britain and her representatives in the region reacted against Germanys attempts to acquire economic and commercial interests in Iran.

 Throughout the 19th century, Great Britain widened her economic and commercial net all over the world thanks to her navy and trade agreements. Through that century, Iran policy of Great Britain was transformed considerably. Iran at first was a subheading of India policy of the Foreign Office. After the first half of the century, Iran, though not so much as India, became a region of competition in terms of not only political blocking, but of economic and commercial interests with Russia. Great Britain aimed specifically at gaining concessions in return of concluding loan agreements for Qajar governments because accumulation of capital in Great Britain owing to protective duties carried out against foreign goods needed to flow into the lands virgin with regard to capitalism. Following the crisis of 1873, British capital or capital supported by the Foreign Office was invested in Asia and Africa, which Iran was a significant example of. The only rival of hers in Iran was Russia during the century. Germany, however, rose as a third power at the beginning of the next century, which led Great Britain and Russia to agree on the spheres of influence. After that, Great Britain tried to keep Germany away from Iran. Germany struggled to do the same as Great Britain had been doing via banking, concessions, etc. In the light of the documents of the Foreign Office, this paper aims to shed light on the reaction of Great Britain against the entrepreneurship efforts of Germany to find new markets for her capital by employing the qualitative method on historical research design and document analysis has been utilised to collect data. Referring to classifications of the Foreign Office -Affairs of Persia and Arabia and Affairs of Persia in the National Archives, this paper tries to reveal how Great Britain and her representatives in the region reacted against Germanys attempts to acquire economic and commercial interests in Iran.

 İngiltere 19. yüzyıl boyunca donanması ve ticaret anlaşmaları sayesinde ekonomik ve ticarî ağını tüm dünyada genişletmiştir. Bu yüzyıl boyunca İngiliz Dışişleri Bakanlığının İran politikası oldukça değişmiştir. Hindistan kadar olmasa da İran sadece Rusyanın siyasî etkisi açısından değil, aynı zamanda ekonomik ve ticarî çıkarlarının önüne geçilmesi açısından bir rekabet sahasına dönüşmüştür. İngiltere, Kaçar hükümetleriyle karşılığında özellikle imtiyazlar elde etme amacıyla kredi anlaşmaları yapmıştır çünkü yabancı ürünlerine karşı uygulanan korumacı gümrük politikaları dolayısıyla İngilterede biriken sermayenin kapitalizm açısından bakir topraklara ihraç edilmesi gerekmiştir. Özellikle 1873 Krizinin ardında İngiliz sermayesi ya da İngiltere tarafından desteklenen sermaye Asya ve Afrikada yatırım olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır. İran bu ihracın belirgin bir örneğini sunmaktadır. Bu yüzyıl boyunca İngilterenin İrandaki tek rakibi Rusyadır. Ancak Almanya 20. yüzyılın başında üçüncü bir aktör olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Almanyanın ortaya çıkışı İngiltere ve Rusyanın İranda nüfuz alanları konusunda anlaşmasına yol açmıştır. Bunun ardından, İngiltere, Almanyayı İranda uzak tutmaya çalışmıştır. Almanya ise İngilterenin yaptığı gibi bankacılık ve imtiyazlar yoluyla İranda ekonomik ve ticarî çıkarlar elde etmeye çaba göstermiştir. Bu çalışma İngiliz Dışişleri belgeleri ışığında tarih araştırma deseninde nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanarak Almanyanın sermayesi için yeni pazarlar bulma arayışlarına karşı İngilizlerin tepkisine ışık tutmayı amaçlamaktadır ve veri toplama tekniği olarak doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışma İngiliz Ulusal Arşivindeki Foreign Office-Affairs of Persia and Arabia and Affairs of Persia başlıklı tasniflere referans vererek İngilterenin ve bölgedeki İngiliz temsilcilerin Almanyanın İranda ekonomik ve ticarî çıkarlar elde etme çabasına nasıl cevap verdiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Article Details

British Reaction against German Entrepreneurship in Iran at the Beginning of 20th Century on the Foreign Office Documents

Authors:

Aykut Dalak

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Avrupa Çalışmaları | Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1824-1844

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001328089

pISSN:

2147-1185

Great Britain

the Foreign Office

Iran

Germany

Loans

Concessionsİngiltere

İngiliz Dışişleri

İran

Almanya

Kredi

İmtiyaz

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Aykut Dalak

Publisher: Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics: Avrupa Çalışmaları | Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Journal: İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1824-1844

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001328089

pISSN: 2147-1185

Issues

Authors:

Aykut Dalak

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Avrupa Çalışmaları | Bölgesel Çalışmalar

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.1824-1844

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001328089

pISSN:

2147-1185