Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Bread Sold in the City of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Mongengo Vincent Roger; Kpathy Agenong’a Xénophon; Onautshu Odimba Didy; Etobo Kalunga Jean Pierre

Article Details

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Bread Sold in the City of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Authors:

Mongengo Vincent Roger | Kpathy Agenong’a Xénophon | Onautshu Odimba Didy | Etobo Kalunga Jean Pierre

Publisher:

Scholars Middle East Publishers

Journal:

Scholars Bulletin (SB) Vol.12 Issue 4, pp.58-66

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001531218

pISSN:

2412-897X

Abstract:

 Bread is a food commonly sold and consumed in Kisangani. Throughout its production and distribution chain, it undergoes multiple handling processes. To mitigate the potential risks associated with its consumption, a study was conducted to assess its microbiological quality. The serial dilution technique enabled the isolation and enumeration of bacteria, while the assessment of hygienic quality was carried out in accordance with Codex Alimentarius standards. The results obtained showed that the high bacterial load was found in retailers 11, 12, 21, 31, and 51, with 11.71 × 10² CFU (salmonella), 41.23 × 10⁵ CFU (FMAT), 6.36 × 10² CFU (enterobacteria), 43.46 × 10⁵ CFU (yeasts and molds), and 27.55 × 10² CFU (staphylococci). The bread sold and consumed in four of the five bakeries sampled and that sold by retailers does not meet food hygiene standards in Kisangani.

Article Details

Assessment of the Microbiological Quality of Bread Sold in the City of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

Authors: Mongengo Vincent Roger | Kpathy Agenong’a Xénophon | Onautshu Odimba Didy | Etobo Kalunga Jean Pierre

Publisher: Scholars Middle East Publishers

Journal: Scholars Bulletin (SB) Vol.12 Issue 4, pp.58-66

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 4/2026

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001531218

pISSN: 2412-897X

Issues

Authors:

Mongengo Vincent Roger | Kpathy Agenong’a Xénophon | Onautshu Odimba Didy | Etobo Kalunga Jean Pierre

Publisher:

Scholars Middle East Publishers

Journal:

Scholars Bulletin (SB) Vol.12 Issue 4, pp.58-66

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2026

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001531218

pISSN:

2412-897X