Archaeometric Methods and Their Usage in Mosaic Research with Examples

Mahmut Aydın

Article Details

Archaeometric Methods and Their Usage in Mosaic Research with Examples

Authors:

Mahmut Aydın

Publisher:

Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Journal:

Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.421-429

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301382

pISSN:

1309-047X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Today, the scientific knowledge to be obtained from mosaics is not only a visual examination of the motifs. By using non-destructive and destructive archaeometric methods, the scientific knowledge to be obtained from mosaics can be maximized. The most common archaeometric methods that can be used in mosaics are non-destructive ones; The number and tones of colors used in mosaics can be determined with a portable digital colorimeter which gives the munsel catalog code. In addition, with the portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer P-EDXRF, the types of tesserae can be determined by detecting the elements that make up the stones non-destructively, while the chemical composition and colorants of the glass tesserae can be determined. Although the use of destructive archaeometric methods is not always possible in terms of permissions and ethics, the scientific information to be obtained from these methods is more reliable than non-destructive methods. Archaeometric methods that can be widely used in determining the types and contents of mortar, stone, glass and terracotta tesserae used in mosaics are as follows; petrographic analyzes, are wavelength X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer WDXRF, Mass Spectrometer, and Scanning Electron Microscope with X-Ray Detector SEM-EDX. By using these methods, information such as the chemical composition of glass tesserae, coloront chemicals, production errors, causes of deterioration and whether it is a secondary use product recycling can be obtained. In stone tesserae, the type and provenance of stone can be determined by using destructive archaeometric methods. In this article, the archaeometric methods that the author personnaly carried out on the mosaic and the result he obtained submitted.

 Today, the scientific knowledge to be obtained from mosaics is not only a visual examination of the motifs. By using non-destructive and destructive archaeometric methods, the scientific knowledge to be obtained from mosaics can be maximized. The most common archaeometric methods that can be used in mosaics are non-destructive ones; The number and tones of colors used in mosaics can be determined with a portable digital colorimeter which gives the munsel catalog code. In addition, with the portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer P-EDXRF, the types of tesserae can be determined by detecting the elements that make up the stones non-destructively, while the chemical composition and colorants of the glass tesserae can be determined. Although the use of destructive archaeometric methods is not always possible in terms of permissions and ethics, the scientific information to be obtained from these methods is more reliable than non-destructive methods. Archaeometric methods that can be widely used in determining the types and contents of mortar, stone, glass and terracotta tesserae used in mosaics are as follows; petrographic analyzes, are wavelength X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer WDXRF, Mass Spectrometer, and Scanning Electron Microscope with X-Ray Detector SEM-EDX. By using these methods, information such as the chemical composition of glass tesserae, coloront chemicals, production errors, causes of deterioration and whether it is a secondary use product recycling can be obtained. In stone tesserae, the type and provenance of stone can be determined by using destructive archaeometric methods. In this article, the archaeometric methods that the author personnaly carried out on the mosaic and the result he obtained submitted.

 Today, the scientific knowledge to be obtained from mosaics is not only a visual examination of the motifs. By using non-destructive and destructive archaeometric methods, the scientific knowledge to be obtained from mosaics can be maximized. The most common archaeometric methods that can be used in mosaics are non-destructive ones; The number and tones of colors used in mosaics can be determined with a portable digital colorimeter which gives the munsel catalog code. In addition, with the portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer P-EDXRF, the types of tesserae can be determined by detecting the elements that make up the stones non-destructively, while the chemical composition and colorants of the glass tesserae can be determined. Although the use of destructive archaeometric methods is not always possible in terms of permissions and ethics, the scientific information to be obtained from these methods is more reliable than non-destructive methods. Archaeometric methods that can be widely used in determining the types and contents of mortar, stone, glass and terracotta tesserae used in mosaics are as follows; petrographic analyzes, are wavelength X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer WDXRF, Mass Spectrometer, and Scanning Electron Microscope with X-Ray Detector SEM-EDX. By using these methods, information such as the chemical composition of glass tesserae, coloront chemicals, production errors, causes of deterioration and whether it is a secondary use product recycling can be obtained. In stone tesserae, the type and provenance of stone can be determined by using destructive archaeometric methods. In this article, the archaeometric methods that the author personnaly carried out on the mosaic and the result he obtained submitted.

 Günümüzde mozaiklerden elde edilecek bilgi sadece motiflerin görsel olarak incelemelerinden ibaret değildir. Tahribatsız ve tahribatlı arkeometrik yöntemler kullanılarak mozaiklerden elde edilecek bilimsel bilgi en üst seviyeye çıkarılabilmektedir. Mozaiklerde kullanılabilecek en yaygın arkeometrik yöntemler tahribatsız olanlardır; mozaiklerde kullanılan renk sayısı ve tonları taşınabilir Munsell katalog kodunu veren dijital renk ölçer ile tespit edilebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra taşınabilir X Işını Floresans Spektrometresi P-EDXRF ile tahribatsız bir şekilde taşları oluşturan elementler tespit edilerek tesseraların türleri belirlenebilmektedir. Cam tesseraların da kimyasal kompozisyonu ve renk vericiler belirlenebilmektedir. Tahribatlı arkeometrik yöntemlerin kullanılması izinler ve etik açısından her zaman mümkün olmasa da bu yöntemlerden elde edilecek bilimsel bilgiler tahribatsız yöntemlere göre daha fazladır ve güvenilirdir. Mozaiklerde kullanılan harç, taş, cam ve pişmiş toprak tesseraların türlerinin ve içeriklerinin belirlenmesinde yaygın kullanılabilecek arkeometrik yöntemler de şunlardır; petrografik analizler, dalga dağılımlı X Işını Floresans Spektrometresi WDXRF, Kütle Spektrometresi ve X Ray Detektörlü Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu SEM-EDXdur. Bu yöntemler kullanılarak cam tesseraların kimyasal kompozisyonu, renk verici kimyasallar, üretim hataları, bozulma nedenleri ve ikincil kullanım ürünü olup olmadığı geri dönüşüm gibi bilgiler elde edilebilmektedir. Taş tesseralarda ise tahribatlı arkeometrik yöntemler kullanılarak taş türü ve kökeninin belirlenmesi yapılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada yazarın mozaikler üzerinde bizzat yürüttüğü arkeometrik yöntemler ve elde ettiği sonuçlar paylaşılacaktır.

Article Details

Archaeometric Methods and Their Usage in Mosaic Research with Examples

Authors:

Mahmut Aydın

Publisher:

Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Journal:

Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.421-429

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301382

pISSN:

1309-047X

Mosaic

tesserae

archaeometric methods

petrographic analysis

P-XRF

SEM-EDXMozaik

tessera

arkeometrik yöntemler

petrografik analizler P-XRF

SEM-EDX

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Mahmut Aydın

Publisher: Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics: Arkeoloji Bilimi

Journal: Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.421-429

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 3/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001301382

pISSN: 1309-047X

Issues

Authors:

Mahmut Aydın

Publisher:

Bursa Uludağ University

Main Topics:

Arkeoloji Bilimi

Journal:

Journal of Mosaic Research Issue 16, pp.421-429

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301382

pISSN:

1309-047X