Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries

Esra Cebeci Mazlum

Article Details

Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries

Authors:

Esra Cebeci Mazlum

Publisher:

Ahmet FİDAN

Main Topics:

Kentleşme Politikaları

Journal:

Kent Akademisi Vol.17 Issue Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, pp.301-318

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319307

pISSN:

2146-9229

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint in MINT countries Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkiye for the years 2003-2022. First of all, the cointegration relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund 2016 panel cointegration. As a result of the cointegration analysis, it was concluded that the variables were cointegrated. The long-term relationship was estimated by the DOLSMG method. According to the DOLSMG estimator, it was determined that a 1 increase in the human development index in MINT countries reduced the ecological footprint by 1.89, a 1 increase in urbanization increased the ecological footprint by 0.22, and a 1 increase in economic growth increased the ecological footprint insignificantly. Secondly, the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Dumitrescu and Hurlin 2012 panel causality analysis. According to the findings, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between ecological footprint and urbanization in MINT countries. Additionally, the findings of the study show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from ecological footprint to human development index and a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to ecological footprint.

 The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint in MINT countries Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkiye for the years 2003-2022. First of all, the cointegration relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund 2016 panel cointegration. As a result of the cointegration analysis, it was concluded that the variables were cointegrated. The long-term relationship was estimated by the DOLSMG method. According to the DOLSMG estimator, it was determined that a 1 increase in the human development index in MINT countries reduced the ecological footprint by 1.89, a 1 increase in urbanization increased the ecological footprint by 0.22, and a 1 increase in economic growth increased the ecological footprint insignificantly. Secondly, the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Dumitrescu and Hurlin 2012 panel causality analysis. According to the findings, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between ecological footprint and urbanization in MINT countries. Additionally, the findings of the study show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from ecological footprint to human development index and a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to ecological footprint.

 The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint in MINT countries Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkiye for the years 2003-2022. First of all, the cointegration relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund 2016 panel cointegration. As a result of the cointegration analysis, it was concluded that the variables were cointegrated. The long-term relationship was estimated by the DOLSMG method. According to the DOLSMG estimator, it was determined that a 1 increase in the human development index in MINT countries reduced the ecological footprint by 1.89, a 1 increase in urbanization increased the ecological footprint by 0.22, and a 1 increase in economic growth increased the ecological footprint insignificantly. Secondly, the relationship between human development index, urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint was examined with Dumitrescu and Hurlin 2012 panel causality analysis. According to the findings, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between ecological footprint and urbanization in MINT countries. Additionally, the findings of the study show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from ecological footprint to human development index and a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to ecological footprint.

 Bu çalışmanın temel amacı insani kalkınma endeksi, kentleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve ekolojik ayak izi ilişkisini MINT ülkelerinde Meksika, Hindistan, Nijerya ve Türkiye 2003-2022 yılları için araştırmaktır. Öncelikle insani kalkınma endeksi, kentleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki eşbütünleşme ilişkisi Gengenbach, Urbain ve Westerlund 2016 panel eşbütünleşme ile incelenmiştir. Eşbütünleşme analizi neticesinde değişkenlerin eşbütünleşik olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Uzun dönemli ilişki DOLSMG yöntemi ile tahmin edilmiştir. DOLSMG tahmincisine göre MINT ülkelerinde insani kalkınma endeksindeki  1lik artışın ekolojik ayak izini  1.89 azalttığı belirlenmiştir, kentleşmedeki  1lik artış ekolojik ayak izini  0.22 arttırmıştır ve ekonomik büyümedeki  1lik artış ise ekolojik ayak izini önemsiz derecede arttırmıştır. İkinci olarak insani kalkınma endeksi, kentleşme, ekonomik büyüme ve ekolojik ayak izi arasındaki ilişki Dumitrescu ve Hurlin 2012 panel nedensellik analizi ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre MINT ülkelerinde ekolojik ayak izi ile kentleşme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi vardır. Ayrıca, çalışmanın bulguları ekolojik ayak izinden insani kalkınma endeksine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu ve ekonomik büyümeden ekolojik ayak izine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Article Details

Linking Human Development Index, Urbanization, Economic Growth and the Ecological Footprint: The Case of MINT Countries

Authors:

Esra Cebeci Mazlum

Publisher:

Ahmet FİDAN

Main Topics:

Kentleşme Politikaları

Journal:

Kent Akademisi Vol.17 Issue Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, pp.301-318

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319307

pISSN:

2146-9229

Human Development Index

Urbanization

Economic Growth

Ecological Footprintİnsani Kalkınma Endeksi

Kentleşme

Ekonomik Büyüme

Ekolojik Ayak İzi

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Esra Cebeci Mazlum

Publisher: Ahmet FİDAN

Main Topics: Kentleşme Politikaları

Journal: Kent Akademisi Vol.17 Issue Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, pp.301-318

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 10/2024

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001319307

pISSN: 2146-9229

Issues

Authors:

Esra Cebeci Mazlum

Publisher:

Ahmet FİDAN

Main Topics:

Kentleşme Politikaları

Journal:

Kent Akademisi Vol.17 Issue Sürdürülebilir İnsani Kalkınma ve Kent, pp.301-318

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001319307

pISSN:

2146-9229