Civil and Criminal Liability of the Judge in Turkish Law

Muhammed Halil Ayaklı

Article Details

Civil and Criminal Liability of the Judge in Turkish Law

Authors:

Muhammed Halil Ayaklı

Publisher:

Kirikkale University

Main Topics:

Hukuk

Journal:

Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.433-472

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288142

pISSN:

2757-9964

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Judges, who have the power to make final decisions in terms of many fundamental values such as the right to life, property, liberty and security of people, perform a very important and heavy duty. Because the peace and tranquility of the society and the establishment of public trust and order are only possible with the existence of a fair trial. In this respect, the execution of justice, which is disturbed by the slightest foreign element, depends on the independence and impartiality of the judges. The legislator has taken into account the fact that judges may also engage in unlawful acts and transactions, and stipulated provisions regarding their liability in both legal and criminal terms. However, the liability legislation in question, due to the importance of the duty performed by judges, required a different procedure from other public officials to disrupt the provision of justice. As a requirement of this, the legal responsibility of the judge; In both the Code of Civil Procedure and the Code of Criminal Procedure, the reasons for liability are listed one by one, liability arises only in cases of serious fault or intentional damage, the case is subject to strict formal conditions, and is filed against the state rather than the judge directly, and is limited to a limited area. Similarly, in terms of the criminal liability of the judge, a complex procedure involving more than one authority has been authorized, and it has been aimed to prevent the judge from being given the title of suspect and defendant with every possible allegation.

 Judges, who have the power to make final decisions in terms of many fundamental values such as the right to life, property, liberty and security of people, perform a very important and heavy duty. Because the peace and tranquility of the society and the establishment of public trust and order are only possible with the existence of a fair trial. In this respect, the execution of justice, which is disturbed by the slightest foreign element, depends on the independence and impartiality of the judges. The legislator has taken into account the fact that judges may also engage in unlawful acts and transactions, and stipulated provisions regarding their liability in both legal and criminal terms. However, the liability legislation in question, due to the importance of the duty performed by judges, required a different procedure from other public officials to disrupt the provision of justice. As a requirement of this, the legal responsibility of the judge; In both the Code of Civil Procedure and the Code of Criminal Procedure, the reasons for liability are listed one by one, liability arises only in cases of serious fault or intentional damage, the case is subject to strict formal conditions, and is filed against the state rather than the judge directly, and is limited to a limited area. Similarly, in terms of the criminal liability of the judge, a complex procedure involving more than one authority has been authorized, and it has been aimed to prevent the judge from being given the title of suspect and defendant with every possible allegation.

 Judges, who have the power to make final decisions in terms of many fundamental values such as the right to life, property, liberty and security of people, perform a very important and heavy duty. Because the peace and tranquility of the society and the establishment of public trust and order are only possible with the existence of a fair trial. In this respect, the execution of justice, which is disturbed by the slightest foreign element, depends on the independence and impartiality of the judges. The legislator has taken into account the fact that judges may also engage in unlawful acts and transactions, and stipulated provisions regarding their liability in both legal and criminal terms. However, the liability legislation in question, due to the importance of the duty performed by judges, required a different procedure from other public officials to disrupt the provision of justice. As a requirement of this, the legal responsibility of the judge; In both the Code of Civil Procedure and the Code of Criminal Procedure, the reasons for liability are listed one by one, liability arises only in cases of serious fault or intentional damage, the case is subject to strict formal conditions, and is filed against the state rather than the judge directly, and is limited to a limited area. Similarly, in terms of the criminal liability of the judge, a complex procedure involving more than one authority has been authorized, and it has been aimed to prevent the judge from being given the title of suspect and defendant with every possible allegation.

 İnsanlara ait yaşama, mülkiyet ve özgürlük ve güvenlik hakkı gibi birçok temel değer bakımından kesin hüküm niteliğinde karar verme yetkisine sahip olan hâkimler, oldukça önemli ve sorumluluğu ağır bir görev ifa etmektedir. Zira toplumun huzur ve sükûnu, kamu güven ve düzeninin tesis edilmesi ancak adil bir yargılamanın varlığı ile mümkündür. Bu bakımdan en ufak yabancı unsurla bozulan adaletin tecelli edebilmesi hâkimlerin bağımsız ve tarafsız olmasına bağlıdır. Kanun koyucu, hâkimlerin de hukuka aykırı iş ve işlemlerde bulunabileceği gerçeğini göz önünde bulundurmuş ve gerek hukuki gerekse de cezai anlamda sorumluluğa ilişkin hükümler öngörmüştür. Ancak söz konusu sorumluluk rejimi, hâkimlerin ifa ettikleri görevin önemine binaen, diğer kamu görevlilerinden farklı bir usulde öngörülerek adalet dağıtımının sekteye uğratılmaması istenmiştir. Bunun bir gereği olarak hâkimin hukuki sorumluluğu; gerek Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu gerekse de Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununda sorumluluğa ilişkin sebeplerin tek tek sayılması, sorumluluğun yalnızca ağır kusur yahut kasten verilen zararlarda doğması, davanın sıkı şekil şartlarına bağlanması ve doğrudan hâkime değil devlete karşı açılması gibi hususlar ile hafifletilmiş ve sınırlı bir alana özgülenmiştir. Benzer şekilde hakimin cezai sorumluluğu bakımından da birden fazla makamın yetkili olduğu, kompleks ve bünyesinde fazlaca aşama içeren bir usul öngörülmüş ve olur olmaz her iddia ile hâkime şüpheli ve sanık sıfatının verilmesine engel olmak istenmiştir.

Article Details

Civil and Criminal Liability of the Judge in Turkish Law

Authors:

Muhammed Halil Ayaklı

Publisher:

Kirikkale University

Main Topics:

Hukuk

Journal:

Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.433-472

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288142

pISSN:

2757-9964

Judge

Publıc Prosecutor

İndependence and İmpartiality

Civil Liability

Criminal LiabilityHâkim

Cumhuriyet Savcısı

Bağımsızlık ve Tarafsızlık

Hukuki Sorumluluk

Cezai Sorumluluk

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Muhammed Halil Ayaklı

Publisher: Kirikkale University

Main Topics: Hukuk

Journal: Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.433-472

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 10/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001288142

pISSN: 2757-9964

Issues

Authors:

Muhammed Halil Ayaklı

Publisher:

Kirikkale University

Main Topics:

Hukuk

Journal:

Kırıkkale Hukuk Mecmuası Vol.3 Issue 2, pp.433-472

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288142

pISSN:

2757-9964