Bashkir Dialects in the XVIII Century According to the P.S. Pallas Dictionary

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Article Details

Bashkir Dialects in the XVIII Century According to the P.S. Pallas Dictionary

Authors:

N.A.

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer) | Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer)

Journal:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.277-286

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298621

pISSN:

2822-2725

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The Bashkir dictionary created by P.S. Pallas in the late 18th century has not been previously linguistically analyzed. However, it is of significant scientific interest because it is the first Cyrillic source that includes vowel sounds and dialectical doublets. Therefore, the analysis of this dictionary allows for two important findings: first, it helps to determine the chronology of processes that differentiate the Bashkir language from other Kipchak languages, and second, it helps to establish the dialects that were present in the Bashkir language during the 18th century. To achieve this analysis, an online dictionary of the Bashkir language by P.S. Pallas was created on the LingvoDoc platform. Modern Bashkir language forms and etymological connections with other Bashkir dialects were added for comparison, and Bashkir examples were also compared with Proto-Turkic reconstructions. As a result, the following cases were analyzed: 1 When P.S. Pallass dictionary contains doublet forms and when words have the same meaning but differ in various reflexes of one or more phonemes. Clearly, the presence of such words indicates different dialects that P.S. Pallas used. 2 The article examines all cases of words that, even without having duplicates in P.S. Pallass dictionary, differ from modern Bashkir. The primary diale ct-di ffere ntiat ing features between the two Bashkir dialects of that period were the reflexes of Proto-Turkic j, which shifted to dž- in one dialect and was preserved in another, and Proto-Turkic č, which shifted to s in one dialect and was preserved in the other. This finding suggests an early division of the Bashkir language into dialects. In comparison the Kazakh, language did not have dialects, based on P.S. Pallass dictionary, while the Mansi language had no clear isoglosses between dialects. However, in the Khanty language, there were already five regular phonetic differences between western and eastern dialects during that period. It was also interesting to examine the number of sound changes that differentiated the Bashkir dialects of the 18th century from the Proto-Turkic language. The eastern Bashkir dictionary by P.S. Pallas was characterized but following innovations: Proto-Turkic j  dž-, Proto-Turkic č  s, Proto-Turkic i  e, Proto-Turkic -b  w u, й, Proto-Turkic g  w u, gk, Proto-Turkic o  u, Proto-Turkic e  i. In the northwestern part of Bashkir P.S. Pallass dictionary, Proto-Turkic -b  0, Proto-Turkic ɨ  i, Proto-Turkic o  y, Proto- Turkic e  и.

 The Bashkir dictionary created by P.S. Pallas in the late 18th century has not been previously linguistically analyzed. However, it is of significant scientific interest because it is the first Cyrillic source that includes vowel sounds and dialectical doublets. Therefore, the analysis of this dictionary allows for two important findings: first, it helps to determine the chronology of processes that differentiate the Bashkir language from other Kipchak languages, and second, it helps to establish the dialects that were present in the Bashkir language during the 18th century. To achieve this analysis, an online dictionary of the Bashkir language by P.S. Pallas was created on the LingvoDoc platform. Modern Bashkir language forms and etymological connections with other Bashkir dialects were added for comparison, and Bashkir examples were also compared with Proto-Turkic reconstructions. As a result, the following cases were analyzed: 1 When P.S. Pallass dictionary contains doublet forms and when words have the same meaning but differ in various reflexes of one or more phonemes. Clearly, the presence of such words indicates different dialects that P.S. Pallas used. 2 The article examines all cases of words that, even without having duplicates in P.S. Pallass dictionary, differ from modern Bashkir. The primary diale ct-di ffere ntiat ing features between the two Bashkir dialects of that period were the reflexes of Proto-Turkic j, which shifted to dž- in one dialect and was preserved in another, and Proto-Turkic č, which shifted to s in one dialect and was preserved in the other. This finding suggests an early division of the Bashkir language into dialects. In comparison the Kazakh, language did not have dialects, based on P.S. Pallass dictionary, while the Mansi language had no clear isoglosses between dialects. However, in the Khanty language, there were already five regular phonetic differences between western and eastern dialects during that period. It was also interesting to examine the number of sound changes that differentiated the Bashkir dialects of the 18th century from the Proto-Turkic language. The eastern Bashkir dictionary by P.S. Pallas was characterized but following innovations: Proto-Turkic j  dž-, Proto-Turkic č  s, Proto-Turkic i  e, Proto-Turkic -b  w u, й, Proto-Turkic g  w u, gk, Proto-Turkic o  u, Proto-Turkic e  i. In the northwestern part of Bashkir P.S. Pallass dictionary, Proto-Turkic -b  0, Proto-Turkic ɨ  i, Proto-Turkic o  y, Proto- Turkic e  и.

 The Bashkir dictionary created by P.S. Pallas in the late 18th century has not been previously linguistically analyzed. However, it is of significant scientific interest because it is the first Cyrillic source that includes vowel sounds and dialectical doublets. Therefore, the analysis of this dictionary allows for two important findings: first, it helps to determine the chronology of processes that differentiate the Bashkir language from other Kipchak languages, and second, it helps to establish the dialects that were present in the Bashkir language during the 18th century. To achieve this analysis, an online dictionary of the Bashkir language by P.S. Pallas was created on the LingvoDoc platform. Modern Bashkir language forms and etymological connections with other Bashkir dialects were added for comparison, and Bashkir examples were also compared with Proto-Turkic reconstructions. As a result, the following cases were analyzed: 1 When P.S. Pallass dictionary contains doublet forms and when words have the same meaning but differ in various reflexes of one or more phonemes. Clearly, the presence of such words indicates different dialects that P.S. Pallas used. 2 The article examines all cases of words that, even without having duplicates in P.S. Pallass dictionary, differ from modern Bashkir. The primary diale ct-di ffere ntiat ing features between the two Bashkir dialects of that period were the reflexes of Proto-Turkic j, which shifted to dž- in one dialect and was preserved in another, and Proto-Turkic č, which shifted to s in one dialect and was preserved in the other. This finding suggests an early division of the Bashkir language into dialects. In comparison the Kazakh, language did not have dialects, based on P.S. Pallass dictionary, while the Mansi language had no clear isoglosses between dialects. However, in the Khanty language, there were already five regular phonetic differences between western and eastern dialects during that period. It was also interesting to examine the number of sound changes that differentiated the Bashkir dialects of the 18th century from the Proto-Turkic language. The eastern Bashkir dictionary by P.S. Pallas was characterized but following innovations: Proto-Turkic j  dž-, Proto-Turkic č  s, Proto-Turkic i  e, Proto-Turkic -b  w u, й, Proto-Turkic g  w u, gk, Proto-Turkic o  u, Proto-Turkic e  i. In the northwestern part of Bashkir P.S. Pallass dictionary, Proto-Turkic -b  0, Proto-Turkic ɨ  i, Proto-Turkic o  y, Proto- Turkic e  и.

 18. yüzyılın sonlarında Pallas tarafından hazırlanan P.S. Başkurt Sözlüğü daha önce dilbilimsel olarak analiz edilmemiştir. Bununla birlikte, ünlü sesleri ve diyalektik çiftleri içeren ilk Kiril kaynağı olduğu için önemli bir bilimsel ilgiye sahiptir. Dolayısıyla bu sözlüğün analizi iki önemli bulguya imkân vermektedir:18. yüzyılda Başkurt dili ve Başkurt dilini diğer Kıpçak dillerinden ayıran süreçlerin kronolojisinin belirlenmesi. Bu analizi gerçekleştirmek için Başkurt dilinin, P.S. Pallas LingvoDoc platformu oluşturulmuştur. Karşılaştırma için modern Başkurt dili biçimleri ve diğer Başkurt lehçeleriyle etimolojik bağlantıları eklenmiş ve Başkurt örnekleri Proto-Türkçe rekonstrüksiyonlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, aşağıdaki durumlar analiz edilmiştir: 1 P.S. Pallas Sözlüğü, kelimelerin aynı anlama geldiği, ancak bir veya daha fazla ses biriminin çeşitli reflekslerinde farklılık gösterdiği ikili biçimleri içerir. Açıkçası, bu tür kelimelerin varlığı, P.S. Pallas Sözlüğünün kullandığı farklı lehçeleri gösterir. 2 Makale, P.S. Pallas Sözlüğünde kopyaları olmasa bile, kelimelerin tüm durumlarını inceler. Pallas Sözlüğü, modern Başkurt sözlüğünden farklıdır. Dönemin iki Başkurt lehçesi arasındaki başlıca lehçeleri farklılaştıran özellikler ile lehçede dž-ye kayan ve diğerinden korunan Proto-Türkçedeki j ve lehçeye geçen Proto-Türkçedeki č refleksleri bir lehçede ve diğerinde korunmuştur. Bu bulgu, Başkurt dilinin lehçelere erken bir şekilde ayrıldığını göstermektedir. Buna karşılık Kazak dilinin lehçeleri yoktur. P.S. Pallas Sözlüğü, Mansi dilinde ise lehçeler arasında net eş anlamlılar yoktur. Bununla birlikte, Khanty dilinde, o dönemde batı ve doğu lehçeleri arasında zaten beş düzenli fonetik farklılık vardır. 18. yüzyıl Başkurt lehçelerini Proto-Türk dilinden ayıran ses değişikliklerinin sayısını incelemek de önemlidir. P.S. Pallas Doğu Başkurt Sözlüğü, aşağıdaki yeniliklerle karakterize edilmiştir: Proto-Türk j  dž-, Proto-Türk č  s, Proto-Türk i  e, Proto- Türk -b  w ṷ, é, Proto- Türk g  w ṷ, gk, Proto-Türk o  u, Proto-Türk e  i. Başkurtun kuzeybatı kesiminde Proto-Türk -b  0, Proto-Türk ɨ  i, Proto-Türk o  y, Proto-Türk e  и.

Article Details

Bashkir Dialects in the XVIII Century According to the P.S. Pallas Dictionary

Authors:

N.A.

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer) | Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer)

Journal:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.277-286

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298621

pISSN:

2822-2725

Bashkir Language

XVIII Century

Kipchak Languages

Finno-Ugric Languages

P.S. PallasBaşkurt Dili

XVIII. Yüzyıl

Kıpçak Dilleri

Finno-Ugric Dilleri

P.S. Pallas

Issues

Article Details

Authors: N.A.

Publisher: Ataturk University

Main Topics: Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer) | Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer)

Journal: Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.277-286

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2023

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001298621

pISSN: 2822-2725

Issues

Authors:

N.A.

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Çağdaş Türk Lehçeleri ve Edebiyatları (Diğer) | Dil Çalışmaları (Diğer)

Journal:

Turcology Research Issue 78, pp.277-286

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001298621

pISSN:

2822-2725