Eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes

Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzı

Article Details

Eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes

Authors:

Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzı

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmaceutical Toxicology

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.354-361

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346343

pISSN:

2630-6344

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Eugenol is a phenolic compound isolated from clove essential oil. It is used in dentistry, fragrance, cosmetic, and food industries. According to the fragrance ingredient safety assessment report, eugenol does not cause phototoxic reactions and genotoxicity. However, its effect on UV-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity has not been well examined. Here in this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of eugenol are investigated on UVA-induced damage using human keratinocyte cells HaCaT. HaCaT cells were treated with increasing concentrations of eugenol 10-500 µM for 1 hour and irradiated with 5-10-15 Jcm2 UVA. 24 hours later the neutral red uptake NRU assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. For genotoxicity assay cells were exposed to 1-10 µM eugenol for one hour and non-cytotoxic UVA irradiation doses 1, 2.5 Jcm2 were used. The alkaline comet assay was carried out immediately after the UVA irradiation to measure the genotoxic potential of eugenol. The cytotoxicity assay results indicate that eugenol caused a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of eugenol. The alkaline comet assay results showed that eugenol causes DNA single-strand breaks and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation aggravates the genotoxic potential of eugenol. These data demonstrate that eugenol has cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

 Eugenol is a phenolic compound isolated from clove essential oil. It is used in dentistry, fragrance, cosmetic, and food industries. According to the fragrance ingredient safety assessment report, eugenol does not cause phototoxic reactions and genotoxicity. However, its effect on UV-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity has not been well examined. Here in this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of eugenol are investigated on UVA-induced damage using human keratinocyte cells HaCaT. HaCaT cells were treated with increasing concentrations of eugenol 10-500 µM for 1 hour and irradiated with 5-10-15 Jcm2 UVA. 24 hours later the neutral red uptake NRU assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. For genotoxicity assay cells were exposed to 1-10 µM eugenol for one hour and non-cytotoxic UVA irradiation doses 1, 2.5 Jcm2 were used. The alkaline comet assay was carried out immediately after the UVA irradiation to measure the genotoxic potential of eugenol. The cytotoxicity assay results indicate that eugenol caused a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of eugenol. The alkaline comet assay results showed that eugenol causes DNA single-strand breaks and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation aggravates the genotoxic potential of eugenol. These data demonstrate that eugenol has cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

 Eugenol is a phenolic compound isolated from clove essential oil. It is used in dentistry, fragrance, cosmetic, and food industries. According to the fragrance ingredient safety assessment report, eugenol does not cause phototoxic reactions and genotoxicity. However, its effect on UV-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity has not been well examined. Here in this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of eugenol are investigated on UVA-induced damage using human keratinocyte cells HaCaT. HaCaT cells were treated with increasing concentrations of eugenol 10-500 µM for 1 hour and irradiated with 5-10-15 Jcm2 UVA. 24 hours later the neutral red uptake NRU assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. For genotoxicity assay cells were exposed to 1-10 µM eugenol for one hour and non-cytotoxic UVA irradiation doses 1, 2.5 Jcm2 were used. The alkaline comet assay was carried out immediately after the UVA irradiation to measure the genotoxic potential of eugenol. The cytotoxicity assay results indicate that eugenol caused a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of eugenol. The alkaline comet assay results showed that eugenol causes DNA single-strand breaks and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation aggravates the genotoxic potential of eugenol. These data demonstrate that eugenol has cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

 Eugenol is a phenolic compound isolated from clove essential oil. It is used in dentistry, fragrance, cosmetic, and food industries. According to the fragrance ingredient safety assessment report, eugenol does not cause phototoxic reactions and genotoxicity. However, its effect on UV-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity has not been well examined. Here in this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of eugenol are investigated on UVA-induced damage using human keratinocyte cells HaCaT. HaCaT cells were treated with increasing concentrations of eugenol 10-500 µM for 1 hour and irradiated with 5-10-15 Jcm2 UVA. 24 hours later the neutral red uptake NRU assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. For genotoxicity assay cells were exposed to 1-10 µM eugenol for one hour and non-cytotoxic UVA irradiation doses 1, 2.5 Jcm2 were used. The alkaline comet assay was carried out immediately after the UVA irradiation to measure the genotoxic potential of eugenol. The cytotoxicity assay results indicate that eugenol caused a cytotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner in HaCaT cells and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation enhanced the cytotoxic effect of eugenol. The alkaline comet assay results showed that eugenol causes DNA single-strand breaks and increasing doses of UVA-irradiation aggravates the genotoxic potential of eugenol. These data demonstrate that eugenol has cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

Article Details

Eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes

Authors:

Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzı

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmaceutical Toxicology

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.354-361

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346343

pISSN:

2630-6344

Eugenol

UVA

DNA damage

human keratinocyte

cytotoxicity

genotoxicity

Issues

Article Details

Eugenol aggravates UVA-induced cytotoxic and genotoxic response in HaCaT human keratinocytes

Authors: Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzı

Publisher: Marmara University

Main Topics: Pharmaceutical Toxicology

Journal: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.354-361

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001346343

pISSN: 2630-6344

Eugenol

UVA

DNA damage

human keratinocyte

cytotoxicity

genotoxicity

Issues

Authors:

Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzı

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmaceutical Toxicology

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.26 Issue 2, pp.354-361

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346343

pISSN:

2630-6344