Different Approaches to the Narration of Killing the Apostate in Modern Egypt

İsa Eren

Article Details

Different Approaches to the Narration of Killing the Apostate in Modern Egypt

Authors:

İsa Eren

Publisher:

Artvin Çoruh University

Main Topics:

Hadis

Journal:

Akademik-Us Issue 17, pp.41-71

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349582

pISSN:

2587-0750

Keywords:

Abstract:

 It is significant both to perceive the hadiths correctly and to transmit them to future generations in an authentic manner. To understand the narrations on violence in accordance with the Prophetic intention is of valuable when its social impact is particularly taken into consideration. Indeed, one of the narrations to be analyzed in various dimensions in this context is the hadith Whoever changes religion kill him. While Islam clearly declares that it grants people the freedom of belief with the verse Let there be no compulsion in religion, it is known that the Prophet did not subject his interlocutors to any compulsion in terms of belief. It has been stated that the aforementioned saying of the Prophet in terms of a literal approach, contradicts the understanding of freedom of religion in the Quran and the Prophets Sunnah. This narration reveals that there is also a punishment dimension such as death for those who would convert from Islam. This narration has been criticized on the grounds that it limits the freedom of religion recognized by the Quran during the modernization process which the idea of freedom came to the fore in the Islamic world in the 19th century. These debates on the death penalty for apostasy have been shaped not only by the intellectual changes brought about by modernization, but also by the views contrary to the ijmaa in the classical period. Egypt was one of the countries where intense debates on this issue took place. Those who reject the narration as it is contrary to the Quran and the Sunnah, those who argue that the punishment can only be applied if the condition of hostile behavior is met, and those who, depend on the ijma of the classical period, argue that the punishment can only be applied in case of apostasy without any condition of hostility related to the aforementioned narration, three diverse approaches emerge. This study investigates the issue of whether Islam prescribes a punishment in the world for apostasy, and if so, which the conditions make this punishment necessary within the framework of the views of Egyptian scholars and intellectuals. It also includes the opinions of non-Egyptian authors who got education in Al-Azhar or whose works were published in Egypt. While discussing the opinions, the descriptive method is used and the evidence presented is analyzed through comparative analysis. The purpose of this study, which deals with the Egyptian experience on the narration of Whoever changes religion kill him, is to shed light on the issues that should be considered in the correct understanding of this narration in particular and all narrations in general.

 It is significant both to perceive the hadiths correctly and to transmit them to future generations in an authentic manner. To understand the narrations on violence in accordance with the Prophetic intention is of valuable when its social impact is particularly taken into consideration. Indeed, one of the narrations to be analyzed in various dimensions in this context is the hadith Whoever changes religion kill him. While Islam clearly declares that it grants people the freedom of belief with the verse Let there be no compulsion in religion, it is known that the Prophet did not subject his interlocutors to any compulsion in terms of belief. It has been stated that the aforementioned saying of the Prophet in terms of a literal approach, contradicts the understanding of freedom of religion in the Quran and the Prophets Sunnah. This narration reveals that there is also a punishment dimension such as death for those who would convert from Islam. This narration has been criticized on the grounds that it limits the freedom of religion recognized by the Quran during the modernization process which the idea of freedom came to the fore in the Islamic world in the 19th century. These debates on the death penalty for apostasy have been shaped not only by the intellectual changes brought about by modernization, but also by the views contrary to the ijmaa in the classical period. Egypt was one of the countries where intense debates on this issue took place. Those who reject the narration as it is contrary to the Quran and the Sunnah, those who argue that the punishment can only be applied if the condition of hostile behavior is met, and those who, depend on the ijma of the classical period, argue that the punishment can only be applied in case of apostasy without any condition of hostility related to the aforementioned narration, three diverse approaches emerge. This study investigates the issue of whether Islam prescribes a punishment in the world for apostasy, and if so, which the conditions make this punishment necessary within the framework of the views of Egyptian scholars and intellectuals. It also includes the opinions of non-Egyptian authors who got education in Al-Azhar or whose works were published in Egypt. While discussing the opinions, the descriptive method is used and the evidence presented is analyzed through comparative analysis. The purpose of this study, which deals with the Egyptian experience on the narration of Whoever changes religion kill him, is to shed light on the issues that should be considered in the correct understanding of this narration in particular and all narrations in general.

 It is significant both to perceive the hadiths correctly and to transmit them to future generations in an authentic manner. To understand the narrations on violence in accordance with the Prophetic intention is of valuable when its social impact is particularly taken into consideration. Indeed, one of the narrations to be analyzed in various dimensions in this context is the hadith Whoever changes religion kill him. While Islam clearly declares that it grants people the freedom of belief with the verse Let there be no compulsion in religion, it is known that the Prophet did not subject his interlocutors to any compulsion in terms of belief. It has been stated that the aforementioned saying of the Prophet in terms of a literal approach, contradicts the understanding of freedom of religion in the Quran and the Prophets Sunnah. This narration reveals that there is also a punishment dimension such as death for those who would convert from Islam. This narration has been criticized on the grounds that it limits the freedom of religion recognized by the Quran during the modernization process which the idea of freedom came to the fore in the Islamic world in the 19th century. These debates on the death penalty for apostasy have been shaped not only by the intellectual changes brought about by modernization, but also by the views contrary to the ijmaa in the classical period. Egypt was one of the countries where intense debates on this issue took place. Those who reject the narration as it is contrary to the Quran and the Sunnah, those who argue that the punishment can only be applied if the condition of hostile behavior is met, and those who, depend on the ijma of the classical period, argue that the punishment can only be applied in case of apostasy without any condition of hostility related to the aforementioned narration, three diverse approaches emerge. This study investigates the issue of whether Islam prescribes a punishment in the world for apostasy, and if so, which the conditions make this punishment necessary within the framework of the views of Egyptian scholars and intellectuals. It also includes the opinions of non-Egyptian authors who got education in Al-Azhar or whose works were published in Egypt. While discussing the opinions, the descriptive method is used and the evidence presented is analyzed through comparative analysis. The purpose of this study, which deals with the Egyptian experience on the narration of Whoever changes religion kill him, is to shed light on the issues that should be considered in the correct understanding of this narration in particular and all narrations in general.

 Hadislerin sahih bir şekilde gelecek nesillere nakli kadar doğru anlaşılması da oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle toplumsal etkisi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, şiddet konulu rivayetlerin nebevî murada uygun bir şekilde anlaşılması ayrı bir değer ifade etmektedir. Bu kapsamda farklı boyutlarıyla ele alınması gereken rivayetlerden biri de Dinini değiştireni öldürün hadisidir. İslam, Dinde zorlama yoktur. ayetiyle insanlara inanç hürriyeti tanıdığını açıkça beyan ederken Hz. Peygamberin de muhataplarını inanma hususunda herhangi bir zorlamaya tabi tutmadığı bilinmektedir. Hz. Peygamberin mezkûr sözü, zahirî bir yaklaşımla okunduğunda Kurandaki din hürriyeti anlayışı ve Hz. Peygamberin sünnetiyle tezat oluşturduğu ifade edilmektedir. Zira bu rivayet, İslamı terk edecek olanlar için meselenin bir de ölüm gibi ceza boyutunun olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu rivayet, 19. yüzyılda İslam dünyasında etkisini gösteren özgürlük düşüncesinin ön plana çıktığı modernleşme sürecinde, Kuranın tanıdığı din özgürlüğünü sınırladığı gerekçesiyle eleştirilmiştir. Mürtede ölüm cezasıyla ilgili tartışmalar, yalnızca modernleşmenin getirdiği düşünsel değişimlerle değil, aynı zamanda klasik dönemdeki icmâya aykırı görüşlerin de etkisiyle şekillenmiştir. Bu konuda yoğun tartışmaların yaşandığı ülkelerden biri de Mısır olmuştur. Mezkûr rivayetle ilgili olarak üç farklı yaklaşım ortaya çıkmıştır: Rivayeti Kuran ve sünnete aykırı bularak reddedenler, cezanın ancak düşmanca davranış şartının gerçekleşmesi hâlinde uygulanabileceğini savunanlar ve klasik dönemdeki icmâya dayanarak, herhangi bir düşmanlık şartı aranmaksızın yalnızca din değiştirme durumunda cezanın uygulanacağını ileri sürenler. Bu çalışmada İslamın irtidat suçunu işleyene karşı dünyada bir ceza öngörüp öngörmediği, eğer ceza varsa, bu cezayı gerekli kılınan hâllerin neler olduğu meselesi, Mısırlı âlim ve aydınların görüşleri çerçevesinde incelenmektedir. Çalışmada Mısırlı olmamakla birlikte Ezherde eğitim almış veya eseri Mısırda yayımlanmış müelliflerin kanaatlerine de yer verilmektedir. Görüşler ele alınırken tanımlayıcıdeskriptif yönteme başvurulmuş, sunulan deliller karşılaştırmalı analiz yöntemiyle irdelenmiştir. Dinini değiştireni öldürün rivayeti üzerine Mısırda yaşanan tecrübeyi ele alan bu çalışmanın amacı, özelde bu rivayet, genelde ise tüm rivayetlerin doğru bir şekilde anlaşılmasında dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara ışık tutmaktır.

Article Details

Different Approaches to the Narration of Killing the Apostate in Modern Egypt

Authors:

İsa Eren

Publisher:

Artvin Çoruh University

Main Topics:

Hadis

Journal:

Akademik-Us Issue 17, pp.41-71

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349582

pISSN:

2587-0750

Hadith

Sunnah

Apostate

Apostasy

EgyptHadis

Sünnet

Mürted

İrtidat

Mısır

Issues

Article Details

Authors: İsa Eren

Publisher: Artvin Çoruh University

Main Topics: Hadis

Journal: Akademik-Us Issue 17, pp.41-71

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001349582

pISSN: 2587-0750

Issues

Authors:

İsa Eren

Publisher:

Artvin Çoruh University

Main Topics:

Hadis

Journal:

Akademik-Us Issue 17, pp.41-71

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001349582

pISSN:

2587-0750