CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNF) AND CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC) AS HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILLERS IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL, OPTICAL, AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED NEWSPAPER

Mustafa Çiçekler; Ahmet Tutuş

Article Details

CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNF) AND CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC) AS HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILLERS IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL, OPTICAL, AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED NEWSPAPER

Authors:

Mustafa Çiçekler | Ahmet Tutuş

Publisher:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Main Topics:

Kereste | Hamur ve Kağıt

Journal:

Turkish Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.122-140

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001347132

pISSN:

2618-6616

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The increasing focus on sustainability and waste reduction has led to significant interest in recycling paper products. This study investigates the use of two types of nanocellulose CNF and CNC as filler materials in the production of recycled newspaper. The aim is to evaluate the effects of these nanocelluloses on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of the recycled newspaper ONP. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, burst strength, and tear resistance were measured to determine the materials durability. Optical properties, including brightness, whiteness, and yellowness, were assessed to understand the aesthetic quality of the recycled paper. Surface roughness values Ra, Rz, Rq were also analyzed to evaluate the surface quality, which is essential for printability. The results show that CNF significantly improved the tensile and tear strengths, as well as reduced the yellowness, making the paper more visually appealing. CNC, on the other hand, demonstrated a notable enhancement in burst strength but had a less pronounced effect on other properties. This study demonstrates that nanocellulose, particularly CNF, is a promising additive for improving specific mechanical and optical characteristics of recycled newspaper, making it more suitable for various applications.

 The increasing focus on sustainability and waste reduction has led to significant interest in recycling paper products. This study investigates the use of two types of nanocellulose CNF and CNC as filler materials in the production of recycled newspaper. The aim is to evaluate the effects of these nanocelluloses on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of the recycled newspaper ONP. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, burst strength, and tear resistance were measured to determine the materials durability. Optical properties, including brightness, whiteness, and yellowness, were assessed to understand the aesthetic quality of the recycled paper. Surface roughness values Ra, Rz, Rq were also analyzed to evaluate the surface quality, which is essential for printability. The results show that CNF significantly improved the tensile and tear strengths, as well as reduced the yellowness, making the paper more visually appealing. CNC, on the other hand, demonstrated a notable enhancement in burst strength but had a less pronounced effect on other properties. This study demonstrates that nanocellulose, particularly CNF, is a promising additive for improving specific mechanical and optical characteristics of recycled newspaper, making it more suitable for various applications.

 The increasing focus on sustainability and waste reduction has led to significant interest in recycling paper products. This study investigates the use of two types of nanocellulose CNF and CNC as filler materials in the production of recycled newspaper. The aim is to evaluate the effects of these nanocelluloses on the mechanical, optical, and surface properties of the recycled newspaper ONP. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, burst strength, and tear resistance were measured to determine the materials durability. Optical properties, including brightness, whiteness, and yellowness, were assessed to understand the aesthetic quality of the recycled paper. Surface roughness values Ra, Rz, Rq were also analyzed to evaluate the surface quality, which is essential for printability. The results show that CNF significantly improved the tensile and tear strengths, as well as reduced the yellowness, making the paper more visually appealing. CNC, on the other hand, demonstrated a notable enhancement in burst strength but had a less pronounced effect on other properties. This study demonstrates that nanocellulose, particularly CNF, is a promising additive for improving specific mechanical and optical characteristics of recycled newspaper, making it more suitable for various applications.

 Sürdürülebilirlik ve atık azaltma üzerine artan odak, kağıt ürünlerinin geri dönüştürülmesine olan ilgiyi önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Bu çalışma, geri dönüştürülmüş gazete kağıdı üretiminde iki tür nanoselülozun CNF ve CNC dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanımını incelemektedir. Amaç, bu nanoselülozların geri dönüştürülmüş gazete kağıdının ONP mekanik, optik ve yüzey özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Malzemenin dayanıklılığını belirlemek için çekme mukavemeti, patlama mukavemeti ve yırtılma direnci gibi mekanik özellikler ölçülmüştür. Geri dönüştürülmüş kağıdın estetik kalitesini anlamak için parlaklık, beyazlık ve sarılık gibi optik özellikler değerlendirilmiştir. Baskı kalitesi açısından kritik olan yüzey kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerleri Ra, Rz, Rq analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, CNFnin çekme ve yırtılma mukavemetini önemli ölçüde artırdığını ve sarılığı azaltarak kağıdı görsel olarak daha çekici hale getirdiğini göstermiştir. Diğer yandan CNC, patlama mukavemetinde belirgin bir iyileşme sağlarken diğer özellikler üzerinde daha az etkili olmuştur. Bu çalışma, özellikle CNFnin, geri dönüştürülmüş gazete kağıdının belirli mekanik ve optik özelliklerini iyileştirmede umut verici bir katkı maddesi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır ve bu tür kağıtların çeşitli uygulamalar için daha uygun hale getirilmesini sağlamaktadır.

Article Details

CELLULOSE NANOFIBERS (CNF) AND CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS (CNC) AS HIGH-PERFORMANCE FILLERS IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL, OPTICAL, AND SURFACE PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED NEWSPAPER

Authors:

Mustafa Çiçekler | Ahmet Tutuş

Publisher:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Main Topics:

Kereste | Hamur ve Kağıt

Journal:

Turkish Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.122-140

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001347132

pISSN:

2618-6616

Nanocellulose

newspaper

mechanical

optical

surfaceNanoselüloz

gazete kağıdı

mekanik

optik

yüzey

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Mustafa Çiçekler | Ahmet Tutuş

Publisher: Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Main Topics: Kereste | Hamur ve Kağıt

Journal: Turkish Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.122-140

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 4/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001347132

pISSN: 2618-6616

Issues

Authors:

Mustafa Çiçekler | Ahmet Tutuş

Publisher:

Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University

Main Topics:

Kereste | Hamur ve Kağıt

Journal:

Turkish Journal of Forest Science Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.122-140

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001347132

pISSN:

2618-6616