MODERN METHODS TO REMEDY THE INADEQUACY OF TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN PROTECTING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS: THE CASE OF THE URGENT PROCEDURE OF FREEDOM (RÉFÉRÉ-LIBERTÉ) IN FRANCE

İsmail Uçar

Article Details

MODERN METHODS TO REMEDY THE INADEQUACY OF TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN PROTECTING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS: THE CASE OF THE URGENT PROCEDURE OF FREEDOM (RÉFÉRÉ-LIBERTÉ) IN FRANCE

Authors:

İsmail Uçar

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics:

İdare Hukuku | Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku

Journal:

İnsan Hakları Yıllığı Vol.42 Issue 1 (Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Ulusal İnsan Hakları Mekanizmaları Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı), pp.39-88

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325039

pISSN:

1016-7617

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The traditional administrative justice, in which the judge operates with quite limited powers, proves insufficient in safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms. To ensure the protection of those benefiting from public services against the exercise of administrative power privileges, it is necessary for the administrative judge to act with strong powers. However, as a result of historical reasons, administrative judges have been confined within narrow limits. For justice to be realized through litigation, it must be rapid and effective. The methods inherent in the traditional procedure of administrative justice, such as the suspension of execution, action for annulment and full remedy action, hinder the realization of justice. Since the 1980s, reforms have been undertaken in France to make administrative justice more effective. The reforms of the penal clause for disobedience astreinte in 1980, the judicial injunction injonction in 1995 and finally the urgent procedure référé in 2000 are the fundamental steps that modernized the traditional administrative justice in France. The star of the urgent procedures has been the urgent procedure of freedom référé-liberté. Within the scope of urgent procedure of freedom, the urgent procedure judge may take all necessary measures, including injunctions, within 48 hours to end any serious and clearly unlawful violation of a fundamental right or freedom committed by the administration. However, Turkish administrative justice continues to be confined to procedural rules that are ineffective in safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms.

 The traditional administrative justice, in which the judge operates with quite limited powers, proves insufficient in safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms. To ensure the protection of those benefiting from public services against the exercise of administrative power privileges, it is necessary for the administrative judge to act with strong powers. However, as a result of historical reasons, administrative judges have been confined within narrow limits. For justice to be realized through litigation, it must be rapid and effective. The methods inherent in the traditional procedure of administrative justice, such as the suspension of execution, action for annulment and full remedy action, hinder the realization of justice. Since the 1980s, reforms have been undertaken in France to make administrative justice more effective. The reforms of the penal clause for disobedience astreinte in 1980, the judicial injunction injonction in 1995 and finally the urgent procedure référé in 2000 are the fundamental steps that modernized the traditional administrative justice in France. The star of the urgent procedures has been the urgent procedure of freedom référé-liberté. Within the scope of urgent procedure of freedom, the urgent procedure judge may take all necessary measures, including injunctions, within 48 hours to end any serious and clearly unlawful violation of a fundamental right or freedom committed by the administration. However, Turkish administrative justice continues to be confined to procedural rules that are ineffective in safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms.

 The traditional administrative justice, in which the judge operates with quite limited powers, proves insufficient in safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms. To ensure the protection of those benefiting from public services against the exercise of administrative power privileges, it is necessary for the administrative judge to act with strong powers. However, as a result of historical reasons, administrative judges have been confined within narrow limits. For justice to be realized through litigation, it must be rapid and effective. The methods inherent in the traditional procedure of administrative justice, such as the suspension of execution, action for annulment and full remedy action, hinder the realization of justice. Since the 1980s, reforms have been undertaken in France to make administrative justice more effective. The reforms of the penal clause for disobedience astreinte in 1980, the judicial injunction injonction in 1995 and finally the urgent procedure référé in 2000 are the fundamental steps that modernized the traditional administrative justice in France. The star of the urgent procedures has been the urgent procedure of freedom référé-liberté. Within the scope of urgent procedure of freedom, the urgent procedure judge may take all necessary measures, including injunctions, within 48 hours to end any serious and clearly unlawful violation of a fundamental right or freedom committed by the administration. However, Turkish administrative justice continues to be confined to procedural rules that are ineffective in safeguarding fundamental rights and freedoms.

 Hâkimin oldukça sınırlı yetkilerle hareket ettiği geleneksel idari yargılama usulü temel hak ve özgürlükleri korumada yetersiz kalmaktadır. Kamu gücü ayrıcalıklarını kullanan idare karşısında, adalet kamu hizmetinden yararlanan kişilerin korunabilmesi için idari hâkimin güçlü yetkilerle hareket etmesi gerekir. Oysa tarihsel sebeplerin bir sonucu olarak idari yargıda hâkimler dar sınırlara hapsedilmiştir. Adaletin dava yoluyla somutlaşması için hızlı ve etkili olması gerekir. Geleneksel idari yargılama usulünde yürütmenin durdurulması, iptal davası ve tam yargı davasından ibaret olan yöntemler, adaletin somutlaşmasını engellemektedir. Fransada 1980li yıllardan itibaren idari yargının etkili hâle getirilmesi için reformlar yapılmaktadır. 1980 yılında itaatsizlik cezai şartı astreinte, 1995 yılında yargısal emir injonction ve nihayet 2000 yılında ivedi yargılama usulü référé reformları, Fransada geleneksel idari yargıyı modernleştiren temel adımlardır. İvedi yargılama usulünün yıldızı ise özgürlük ivedi yargılaması référé-liberté olmuştur. Özgürlük ivedi yargılaması kapsamında, idarenin bir temel hak ve özgürlüğe yönelik ağır ve açıkça hukuka aykırı ihlalinin sona erdirilmesi için ivedi yargılama hâkimi 48 saat içinde yargısal emir de dâhil olmak üzere her türlü tedbiri alabilir. Türk idari yargısı ise temel hak ve özgürlükleri korumada etkisiz olan usul kurallarına mahkûm olmaya devam etmektedir.

Article Details

MODERN METHODS TO REMEDY THE INADEQUACY OF TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE IN PROTECTING FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS: THE CASE OF THE URGENT PROCEDURE OF FREEDOM (RÉFÉRÉ-LIBERTÉ) IN FRANCE

Authors:

İsmail Uçar

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics:

İdare Hukuku | Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku

Journal:

İnsan Hakları Yıllığı Vol.42 Issue 1 (Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Ulusal İnsan Hakları Mekanizmaları Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı), pp.39-88

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325039

pISSN:

1016-7617

administrative justice

urgent procedure

urgent procedure of freedom

référé-liberté

safeguarding fundamental rights and freedomsidari yargı

ivedi yargılama usulü

özgürlük ivedi yargılaması

référé-liberté

temel hak ve özgürlüklerin korunması

Issues

Article Details

Authors: İsmail Uçar

Publisher: Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics: İdare Hukuku | Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku

Journal: İnsan Hakları Yıllığı Vol.42 Issue 1 (Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Ulusal İnsan Hakları Mekanizmaları Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı), pp.39-88

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 8/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001325039

pISSN: 1016-7617

Issues

Authors:

İsmail Uçar

Publisher:

Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University

Main Topics:

İdare Hukuku | Yurtiçi İnsan Hakları Hukuku

Journal:

İnsan Hakları Yıllığı Vol.42 Issue 1 (Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Ulusal İnsan Hakları Mekanizmaları Sempozyumu Özel Sayısı), pp.39-88

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

8/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001325039

pISSN:

1016-7617