The Initiatives of Founding the Organization of Cemaat-i Islamiye in Izmir within the Context of the Muslim Educational System in the Period of National Struggle

Ahmet Sezgin

Article Details

The Initiatives of Founding the Organization of Cemaat-i Islamiye in Izmir within the Context of the Muslim Educational System in the Period of National Struggle

Authors:

Ahmet Sezgin

Publisher:

Ordu University

Journal:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.1505-1520

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296135

pISSN:

1309-9302

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Cemaat-i Islamiye system can be defined as an administrative and institutional structure formed by the Muslim community. This system was a structure that Muslims living under Ottoman rule did not feel the need for until the end of the 19th century. The increase in the Ottoman Empires territorial losses and the defeats as a result of the wars caused problems in the current bureaucratic structure. The issue of protecting the rights of the Muslims who remained in the lost lands began to occupy the agenda of the Ottoman Government. In order to secure the rights of the Muslims who remained in the lost lands, Muslims were encouraged to establish the Cemaat-i Islamiye system and agreements were made with the relevant states in this direction. However, the failure of the foundation system to function well in the existing lands has increased the problems in the business and operations of mosques, masjids, charities, schools and madrasas. This situation caused Muslims to want local administration by establishing the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization. Various official and unofficial attempts were made to establish the relevant organizations, but no positive results could be obtained until the end of the National Struggle period and the official abolition of the Ottoman Government. Muslims under Greek rule in Western Anatolia, by establishing the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization, endeavored to sustain themselves in a healthy way, especially the education system, the institutions and organizations needed by Muslims. However, due to the conditions of occupation and the policies of the occupying power to destroy Muslim institutions and especially the education system, a very difficult process emerged for Muslims. As a result, although the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization was established, it was not possible for the education system to realize the desired transformation quickly.

 Cemaat-i Islamiye system can be defined as an administrative and institutional structure formed by the Muslim community. This system was a structure that Muslims living under Ottoman rule did not feel the need for until the end of the 19th century. The increase in the Ottoman Empires territorial losses and the defeats as a result of the wars caused problems in the current bureaucratic structure. The issue of protecting the rights of the Muslims who remained in the lost lands began to occupy the agenda of the Ottoman Government. In order to secure the rights of the Muslims who remained in the lost lands, Muslims were encouraged to establish the Cemaat-i Islamiye system and agreements were made with the relevant states in this direction. However, the failure of the foundation system to function well in the existing lands has increased the problems in the business and operations of mosques, masjids, charities, schools and madrasas. This situation caused Muslims to want local administration by establishing the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization. Various official and unofficial attempts were made to establish the relevant organizations, but no positive results could be obtained until the end of the National Struggle period and the official abolition of the Ottoman Government. Muslims under Greek rule in Western Anatolia, by establishing the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization, endeavored to sustain themselves in a healthy way, especially the education system, the institutions and organizations needed by Muslims. However, due to the conditions of occupation and the policies of the occupying power to destroy Muslim institutions and especially the education system, a very difficult process emerged for Muslims. As a result, although the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization was established, it was not possible for the education system to realize the desired transformation quickly.

 Cemaat-i Islamiye system can be defined as an administrative and institutional structure formed by the Muslim community. This system was a structure that Muslims living under Ottoman rule did not feel the need for until the end of the 19th century. The increase in the Ottoman Empires territorial losses and the defeats as a result of the wars caused problems in the current bureaucratic structure. The issue of protecting the rights of the Muslims who remained in the lost lands began to occupy the agenda of the Ottoman Government. In order to secure the rights of the Muslims who remained in the lost lands, Muslims were encouraged to establish the Cemaat-i Islamiye system and agreements were made with the relevant states in this direction. However, the failure of the foundation system to function well in the existing lands has increased the problems in the business and operations of mosques, masjids, charities, schools and madrasas. This situation caused Muslims to want local administration by establishing the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization. Various official and unofficial attempts were made to establish the relevant organizations, but no positive results could be obtained until the end of the National Struggle period and the official abolition of the Ottoman Government. Muslims under Greek rule in Western Anatolia, by establishing the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization, endeavored to sustain themselves in a healthy way, especially the education system, the institutions and organizations needed by Muslims. However, due to the conditions of occupation and the policies of the occupying power to destroy Muslim institutions and especially the education system, a very difficult process emerged for Muslims. As a result, although the Cemaat-i Islamiye organization was established, it was not possible for the education system to realize the desired transformation quickly.

 Cemaat-i İslamiye sistemi, Müslüman ahalinin bir araya gelerek oluşturduğu ve yönetime dahil olduğu kurumsal bir yapı olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu sistem Osmanlı yönetimi altında yaşayan Müslümanların, 19. yüzyılın sonlarına kadar ihtiyacını hissetmediği bir yapı idi. Osmanlının toprak kayıplarının artması ve savaşlar neticesinde alınan yenilgiler mevcut bürokratik yapıda sorunların çıkmasına neden olduğu gibi kaybedilen topraklarda kalan Müslümanların haklarının korunması hususu da Osmanlı Hükümetinin gündemini meşgul eder hale geldi. Kaybedilen topraklarda kalan Müslümanların haklarının güvence altına alınması adına Müslümanların, Cemaat-i İslamiye sistemi kurması teşvik edildi ve bu yönde ilgili devletlerle anlaşmalar da yapıldı. Ancak mevcut topraklarda da evkaf sisteminin iyi işleyememesi camilerin, mescitlerin, hayır kurumlarının, okulların ve medreselerin iş ve işlemlerindeki sorunları çoğalttı. Bu durum Müslümanların, Cemaat-i İslamiye teşkilatı kurarak yerelden idareyi istemelerine neden oldu. İlgili teşkilatların kurulmasına dair resmî ve gayri resmî çeşitli girişimler yapıldı ancak Milli Mücadele döneminin sona ermesi ve Osmanlı Hükümetinin resmen ortadan kalkmasına kadar olumlu bir netice elde edilemedi. Milli Mücadele döneminde Batı Anadoluda da Yunan egemenliği altındaki Müslümanlar, Cemaat-i İslamiye teşkilatı kurarak eğitim sistemi başta olmak üzere Müslümanların ihtiyaç duyduğu kurum ve kuruluşların sağlıklı bir biçimde kendini idame ettirmesine çaba harcadı. Ancak işgal şartları ve işgalci gücün Müslüman kurumlarını ve özellikle eğitim sistemini ortadan kaldırmaya yönelik politikaları nedeniyle Müslümanlar açısından oldukça zorlu bir süreç ortaya çıktı. Neticede Cemaat-i İslamiye teşkilatı kurulmasına rağmen eğitim sisteminin, istenilen dönüşümü hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirmesi mümkün olmadı.

Article Details

The Initiatives of Founding the Organization of Cemaat-i Islamiye in Izmir within the Context of the Muslim Educational System in the Period of National Struggle

Authors:

Ahmet Sezgin

Publisher:

Ordu University

Journal:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.1505-1520

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296135

pISSN:

1309-9302

Cemaat-i Islamiye

Greek

Western Anatolia

Occupation

EducationCemaat-i İslamiye

Yunan

Batı Anadolu

İşgal

Eğitim

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ahmet Sezgin

Publisher: Ordu University

Journal: Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.1505-1520

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 7/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001296135

pISSN: 1309-9302

Issues

Authors:

Ahmet Sezgin

Publisher:

Ordu University

Journal:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 2, pp.1505-1520

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296135

pISSN:

1309-9302