A Clinical Study of Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Dr. Deepak Kumar Sharma

Article Details

A Clinical Study of Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Authors:

Dr. Deepak Kumar Sharma

Publisher:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.191-196

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2020

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001613812

pISSN:

2457-7200

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder and a major public health concern in India. Apart from causing diabetic retinopathy, diabetes also affects the ocular surface by altering tear film function, corneal sensitivity, and lacrimal gland activity. Chronic hyperglycemia can lead to dry eye disease, tear film instability, delayed corneal wound healing, and other ocular surface abnormalities. These changes may cause ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and reduced quality of life. Since ocular surface disorders in diabetic patients are often overlooked, early detection and proper management are essential. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate ocular surface changes in patients with diabetes mellitus and their association with the duration and control of the disease. Aim: To evaluate the ocular surface changes in patients with diabetes mellitus and assess their relationship with the duration of diabetes and glycemic control. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study included 100 diabetic patients, aged 30–80 years, recruited from a tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients with a history of ocular trauma, recent ocular surgery, or active ocular infections were excluded. Clinical history, including diabetes duration, glycemic control (HbA1c levels), and dry eye symptoms (Ocular Surface Disease Index - OSDI questionnaire), was recorded. Ophthalmic examinations included Tear Film Break-Up Time (TBUT), Schirmer's Test, Corneal Fluorescein Staining, and Conjunctival Impression Cytology. Data were analyzed to identify associations between diabetes-related factors and ocular surface changes. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.   Results: The mean age was 55.8 ± 10.2 years, with a male predominance (58% males, 42% females). The mean HbA1c was 8.1 ± 1.5%, reflecting poor glycemic control. 60% of patients reported moderate-to-severe dry eye symptoms based on OSDI scores. 68% had abnormal TBUT, while 55% had abnormal Schirmer's test results, indicating impaired tear production and stability. 40% of patients demonstrated moderate-to-severe corneal epithelial damage through fluorescein staining. Conjunctival impression cytology revealed 45% reduced goblet cell density and 25% squamous metaplasia, indicating chronic ocular surface inflammation. Conclusion: Ocular surface changes, including tear film instability, corneal damage, and conjunctival epithelial abnormalities, are common in diabetic patients and are significantly associated with poor glycemic control and disease duration. Early detection and comprehensive management are essential to prevent long-term complications and improve ocular health outcomes in diabetic patients.

Article Details

A Clinical Study of Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Authors:

Dr. Deepak Kumar Sharma

Publisher:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.191-196

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2020

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001613812

pISSN:

2457-7200

diabetes mellitus

ocular surface disease

dry eye syndrome

tear film dysfunction

corneal neuropathy

diabetic eye disease

Issues

Article Details

A Clinical Study of Ocular Surface Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Authors: Dr. Deepak Kumar Sharma

Publisher: Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal: Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.191-196

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2020

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001613812

pISSN: 2457-7200

diabetes mellitus

ocular surface disease

dry eye syndrome

tear film dysfunction

corneal neuropathy

diabetic eye disease

Issues

Authors:

Dr. Deepak Kumar Sharma

Publisher:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.6 Issue 2, pp.191-196

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2020

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001613812

pISSN:

2457-7200