Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis among Apparently Healthy Adults Attending Bone Health Screening Camps: A Cross-sectional Study

Dr Sabapathy Parvathy Saravanan; Dr  Manoranjan Jena; Dr Avijeet Swain

Article Details

Prevalence of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis among Apparently Healthy Adults Attending Bone Health Screening Camps: A Cross-sectional Study

Authors:

Dr Sabapathy Parvathy Saravanan | Dr Manoranjan Jena | Dr Avijeet Swain

Publisher:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.11 Issue 12, pp.408-415

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001613720

pISSN:

2457-7200

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Background: Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common, underdiagnosed conditions that significantly increase the risk of fragility fractures, morbidity, and mortality, particularly among the elderly and postmenopausal women. In India, data on bone health in apparently healthy adults remain limited, and early bone loss often goes undetected. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among apparently healthy adults and to assess differences in bone mineral density (BMD) across age groups, gender, and elderly status. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data from routine bone health screening camps held between January 2018 and August 2019 in Cuttack, Odisha. A total of 1200 apparently healthy adults aged ≥18 years were evaluated. Bone mineral density was assessed using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), and participants were classified as normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic based on WHO T-score criteria. Participants were stratified into adults (18–59 years) and elderly (≥60 years), and gender-wise comparisons were performed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 1200 participants, the mean age was approximately 48 years, with a nearly equal gender distribution. Overall, osteopenia was observed in about half of the participants, while osteoporosis was present in nearly one-fifth. The prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher among elderly participants compared to adults. Females showed a higher prevalence of osteoporosis than males, particularly among postmenopausal women. Osteopenia was more common in younger adults and males, indicating early bone loss before progression to osteoporosis. The differences in BMD distribution across age groups and gender were statistically significant. Discussion: The study highlights a substantial burden of bone loss even among apparently healthy adults. The high prevalence of osteopenia suggests that bone loss begins early and may progress silently to osteoporosis if left unaddressed. Elderly individuals and postmenopausal women remain the most vulnerable groups. These findings emphasize the need for early screening and preventive strategies. Conclusion: Osteopenia and osteoporosis are highly prevalent among apparently healthy adults. Routine screening using simple, non-invasive tools such as calcaneal QUS can aid in early detection of bone loss. Preventive interventions targeting younger adults, elderly individuals, and women may help reduce future fracture risk and associated morbidity.

Article Details

Authors: Dr Sabapathy Parvathy Saravanan | Dr Manoranjan Jena | Dr Avijeet Swain

Publisher: Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal: Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.11 Issue 12, pp.408-415

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001613720

pISSN: 2457-7200

Issues

Authors:

Dr Sabapathy Parvathy Saravanan | Dr Manoranjan Jena | Dr Avijeet Swain

Publisher:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice (JCCP)

Journal:

Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice Vol.11 Issue 12, pp.408-415

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001613720

pISSN:

2457-7200