The Process of Adaptation of the Yamama Region to Islam in the Context of the Incidents of Apostasy

Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu

Article Details

The Process of Adaptation of the Yamama Region to Islam in the Context of the Incidents of Apostasy

Authors:

Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Journal:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.66 Issue 66, pp.161-189

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321689

pISSN:

1302-4973

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The incidents of apostasy and rebellion that occurred towards the end of the Prophets life had a significant impact on Islamic society during Abu Bakrs caliphate. In Islamic sources, the wars that Abu Bakr fought to ensure peace in the peninsula are generally mentioned under the title of riddah wars. However, it is not very accurate to define all rebellion movements as ridda. Just as the rebellions had different reasons, not all disobedient societies accepted Islam. Even if some tribes did not accept Islam, they were under the political sovereignty of the Islamic State of Medina because they made a jizya agreement. The departures from the authority that were seen in the following periods occurred either in the form of not wanting to give zakat, the idea that the agreement ended with the death of the Prophet, or the support of people who claimed to be prophets. This study discusses the impact of Musaylima, who claimed prophethood and led a rebellion movement, on the Islamization process in the Yamama region. Musaylima ibn Habibs support from his tribe posed a challenge to the survival of the state, and this study analyzes how it affected the process of Islamization. In the article, it was evaluated how the people of Yamama met Islam for the first time, to what extent the society integrated into the new religion, and why they supported a figure who claimed to be a prophet in a very short time. Just as Hevze b. Ali, the Christian ruler of Yamama, whom the Prophet had previously invited to Islam, offered the condition of being a partner in the administration to accept the invitation; the fact that Musaylima wanted to be included in the prophetic position as the leader of his tribe and that he fought in line with this goal underlines that Yamama is one of the most resilient regions of the peninsula. Based on the above-mentioned issues, this study aims to contribute to new research in terms of showing that the Islamization process contains various balance elements within itself and is an investigation of both the individual and the region.

 The incidents of apostasy and rebellion that occurred towards the end of the Prophets life had a significant impact on Islamic society during Abu Bakrs caliphate. In Islamic sources, the wars that Abu Bakr fought to ensure peace in the peninsula are generally mentioned under the title of riddah wars. However, it is not very accurate to define all rebellion movements as ridda. Just as the rebellions had different reasons, not all disobedient societies accepted Islam. Even if some tribes did not accept Islam, they were under the political sovereignty of the Islamic State of Medina because they made a jizya agreement. The departures from the authority that were seen in the following periods occurred either in the form of not wanting to give zakat, the idea that the agreement ended with the death of the Prophet, or the support of people who claimed to be prophets. This study discusses the impact of Musaylima, who claimed prophethood and led a rebellion movement, on the Islamization process in the Yamama region. Musaylima ibn Habibs support from his tribe posed a challenge to the survival of the state, and this study analyzes how it affected the process of Islamization. In the article, it was evaluated how the people of Yamama met Islam for the first time, to what extent the society integrated into the new religion, and why they supported a figure who claimed to be a prophet in a very short time. Just as Hevze b. Ali, the Christian ruler of Yamama, whom the Prophet had previously invited to Islam, offered the condition of being a partner in the administration to accept the invitation; the fact that Musaylima wanted to be included in the prophetic position as the leader of his tribe and that he fought in line with this goal underlines that Yamama is one of the most resilient regions of the peninsula. Based on the above-mentioned issues, this study aims to contribute to new research in terms of showing that the Islamization process contains various balance elements within itself and is an investigation of both the individual and the region.

 The incidents of apostasy and rebellion that occurred towards the end of the Prophets life had a significant impact on Islamic society during Abu Bakrs caliphate. In Islamic sources, the wars that Abu Bakr fought to ensure peace in the peninsula are generally mentioned under the title of riddah wars. However, it is not very accurate to define all rebellion movements as ridda. Just as the rebellions had different reasons, not all disobedient societies accepted Islam. Even if some tribes did not accept Islam, they were under the political sovereignty of the Islamic State of Medina because they made a jizya agreement. The departures from the authority that were seen in the following periods occurred either in the form of not wanting to give zakat, the idea that the agreement ended with the death of the Prophet, or the support of people who claimed to be prophets. This study discusses the impact of Musaylima, who claimed prophethood and led a rebellion movement, on the Islamization process in the Yamama region. Musaylima ibn Habibs support from his tribe posed a challenge to the survival of the state, and this study analyzes how it affected the process of Islamization. In the article, it was evaluated how the people of Yamama met Islam for the first time, to what extent the society integrated into the new religion, and why they supported a figure who claimed to be a prophet in a very short time. Just as Hevze b. Ali, the Christian ruler of Yamama, whom the Prophet had previously invited to Islam, offered the condition of being a partner in the administration to accept the invitation; the fact that Musaylima wanted to be included in the prophetic position as the leader of his tribe and that he fought in line with this goal underlines that Yamama is one of the most resilient regions of the peninsula. Based on the above-mentioned issues, this study aims to contribute to new research in terms of showing that the Islamization process contains various balance elements within itself and is an investigation of both the individual and the region.

 Hz. Peygamberin hayatının son zamanlarında baş gösteren irtidad ve isyan hadiseleri, Hz. Ebû Bekirin halifelik sürecinde İslâm toplumunu ciddi mahiyette etkisi altına almıştır. Kaynaklarda Hz. Ebû Bekirin yarımadadaki sükûneti sağlamak adına yaptığı savaşlar genellikle ridde savaşları başlığı altında zikredilmektedir. Bununla birlikte isyan hareketlerinin tamamını ridde şeklinde tanımlamak çok isabetli görünmemektedir. Ayaklanmaların birbirinden farklı sebepleri olduğu gibi, itaatsizlik gösteren toplumların tamamının da İslâmiyete dahil olmaları söz konusu değildi. Zira bazı kabileler İslâmı kabul etmeseler dahi cizye anlaşması yaptıkları için Medine İslâm Devletinin siyasî egemenliği altındaydılar. İlerleyen zamanlarda görülen otoriteye başkaldırılar ise, zekâtın verilmek istenmemesi veya Hz. Peygamberin vefatıyla anlaşmanın sona erdiği düşüncesi yahut da peygamberlik iddiasıyla ortaya çıkan kimseleri destekleme şeklinde tezahür etmiştir. Bu çalışmada peygamberlik iddiasıyla ortaya çıkan, kabilesi Benî Hanîfeden aldığı destekle devletin bekasını zora sokan bir isyan hareketinin önderliğini yapan Müseylime b. Habîbin Yemâme bölgesinin İslâma intibak sürecini nasıl ve ne yönde etkilediği ele alınmaktadır. Makalede Yemâmelilerin İslâmla ilk tanışmalarının nasıl gerçekleştiği, toplumun yeni dine entegrasyonunun ne oranda olduğu, çok kısa bir zaman dilimi içerisinde peygamberliğe ortaklık iddiasında bulunan bir kimseye neden destek verdikleri hususları değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Daha öncesinde Hz. Peygamberin İslâma çağırdığı Yemâmenin Hristiyan yöneticisi Hevze b. Alînin, daveti kabul etmek için yönetime ortak edilme şartını sunduğu gibi Müseylimenin de kabilesinin lideri olarak peygamberlik makamına ortak edilmeyi istemesi ve bu hedefi doğrultusunda mücadele vermesi aslında Yemâmenin yarımadanın en dirençli bölgelerinden biri olduğunun altını çizmektedir. Zikredilen hususlardan hareketle bu çalışma İslâmlama intibak sürecinin kendi içinde çeşitli denge unsurlarını barındırdığını göstermesi ve hem şahıs hem de bir bölge incelemesi olması açısından yapılacak yeni araştırmalara katkı sağlayacaktır.

Article Details

The Process of Adaptation of the Yamama Region to Islam in the Context of the Incidents of Apostasy

Authors:

Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Journal:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.66 Issue 66, pp.161-189

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321689

pISSN:

1302-4973

Islamic History

Sirah

Abu Bakr

Yamama

Musaylima

Khalid ibn al-Walid

Apostasy

Rebellionİslâm Tarihi

Siyer

Ebû Bekir

Yemâme

Müseylime

Hâlid b. Velîd

İrtidat

İsyan

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu

Publisher: Marmara University

Main Topics: İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Journal: Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.66 Issue 66, pp.161-189

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001321689

pISSN: 1302-4973

Issues

Authors:

Elif Kübra Aslandoğdu

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

İslam Tarihi ve Medeniyeti | İslam Tarihi

Journal:

Marmara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.66 Issue 66, pp.161-189

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321689

pISSN:

1302-4973