BULGAR(IAN)S AND THE SOCIAL-CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRAN: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONNECTION

Vildane Özkan (alieva)

Article Details

BULGAR(IAN)S AND THE SOCIAL-CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRAN: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONNECTION

Authors:

Vildane Özkan (alieva)

Publisher:

Bingol University

Main Topics:

Sosyoloji

Journal:

Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.1-28

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288735

pISSN:

1309-6672

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The article is the first known sociological study to take a holistic view of the Bulgars connections with the social-cultural geography of Iran between the years 632-2021. The aim is to examine the historical and current relations between the Bulgars and the Iranian geography by keeping the Bulgarian variable in the center. Within the scope of the article, the term Bulgars refers to three Bulgar communities: Black Sea Bulgars the first Bulgar state, European Bulgarians Bulgaria and Asian Bulgars Tatarstan. The name Iran has been officially used in international relations since 1935, but the term Iran is often added when referring to previous periods of the country for the sake of clarity in the article. The method and technique of the study consists of the multi-layered analysis of the primary data obtained in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia and Iran between the years 2010-2021 and the secondary data including archaeological data obtained from monitoring both historical and current processes within the framework of historical sociology. Five main conclusions reached: 1. From the first Bulgar state established in 632 in the north of the Black Sea to the present day, there has been a continuous, intensifying interaction between the Bulgarians and Iran, albeit with certain interruptions, mostly in the form of exchange and solidarity. The influence of Persian culture, one of the elements of Iran, spread primarily among the elite in all three Bulgar communities. 2. The relations between the European Bulgarians and Iran initially started as political-military relations, and today they reach the search for a common ethnicity and race. This search of the Bulgarians in Bulgaria is the most original relationship established with Iran in the Balkans today. 3. The relations between the Asian Bulgars and Iran initially started as commercial relations, and today they intensify as cultural-diplomatic relations. 4. Bulgaria has relations with both the ruling and opposition circles in Iran, while Tatarstan has relations with the government in Iran. 5. In the near future, relations between Bulgaria, Tatarstan and Iran may turn from bilateral to tripartite relations under the leadership of Bulgaria and Iran.

 The article is the first known sociological study to take a holistic view of the Bulgars connections with the social-cultural geography of Iran between the years 632-2021. The aim is to examine the historical and current relations between the Bulgars and the Iranian geography by keeping the Bulgarian variable in the center. Within the scope of the article, the term Bulgars refers to three Bulgar communities: Black Sea Bulgars the first Bulgar state, European Bulgarians Bulgaria and Asian Bulgars Tatarstan. The name Iran has been officially used in international relations since 1935, but the term Iran is often added when referring to previous periods of the country for the sake of clarity in the article. The method and technique of the study consists of the multi-layered analysis of the primary data obtained in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia and Iran between the years 2010-2021 and the secondary data including archaeological data obtained from monitoring both historical and current processes within the framework of historical sociology. Five main conclusions reached: 1. From the first Bulgar state established in 632 in the north of the Black Sea to the present day, there has been a continuous, intensifying interaction between the Bulgarians and Iran, albeit with certain interruptions, mostly in the form of exchange and solidarity. The influence of Persian culture, one of the elements of Iran, spread primarily among the elite in all three Bulgar communities. 2. The relations between the European Bulgarians and Iran initially started as political-military relations, and today they reach the search for a common ethnicity and race. This search of the Bulgarians in Bulgaria is the most original relationship established with Iran in the Balkans today. 3. The relations between the Asian Bulgars and Iran initially started as commercial relations, and today they intensify as cultural-diplomatic relations. 4. Bulgaria has relations with both the ruling and opposition circles in Iran, while Tatarstan has relations with the government in Iran. 5. In the near future, relations between Bulgaria, Tatarstan and Iran may turn from bilateral to tripartite relations under the leadership of Bulgaria and Iran.

 The article is the first known sociological study to take a holistic view of the Bulgars connections with the social-cultural geography of Iran between the years 632-2021. The aim is to examine the historical and current relations between the Bulgars and the Iranian geography by keeping the Bulgarian variable in the center. Within the scope of the article, the term Bulgars refers to three Bulgar communities: Black Sea Bulgars the first Bulgar state, European Bulgarians Bulgaria and Asian Bulgars Tatarstan. The name Iran has been officially used in international relations since 1935, but the term Iran is often added when referring to previous periods of the country for the sake of clarity in the article. The method and technique of the study consists of the multi-layered analysis of the primary data obtained in Ukraine, Bulgaria, Russia and Iran between the years 2010-2021 and the secondary data including archaeological data obtained from monitoring both historical and current processes within the framework of historical sociology. Five main conclusions reached: 1. From the first Bulgar state established in 632 in the north of the Black Sea to the present day, there has been a continuous, intensifying interaction between the Bulgarians and Iran, albeit with certain interruptions, mostly in the form of exchange and solidarity. The influence of Persian culture, one of the elements of Iran, spread primarily among the elite in all three Bulgar communities. 2. The relations between the European Bulgarians and Iran initially started as political-military relations, and today they reach the search for a common ethnicity and race. This search of the Bulgarians in Bulgaria is the most original relationship established with Iran in the Balkans today. 3. The relations between the Asian Bulgars and Iran initially started as commercial relations, and today they intensify as cultural-diplomatic relations. 4. Bulgaria has relations with both the ruling and opposition circles in Iran, while Tatarstan has relations with the government in Iran. 5. In the near future, relations between Bulgaria, Tatarstan and Iran may turn from bilateral to tripartite relations under the leadership of Bulgaria and Iran.

 Makale, 632-2021 yılları arasında Bulgarların İran toplumsal-kültürel coğrafyasıyla kurduğu bağlantıları bütünsel olarak inceleyen bilinen ilk sosyolojik çalışmadır. Amaç, Bulgarlar ve İran coğrafyası arasındaki tarihsel ve güncel ilişkileri Bulgarlar değişkenini merkezde tutarak incelemektir. Makalede Bulgarlar ifadesiyle, üç Bulgar topluluğuna atıf yapılmaktadır: Karadeniz Bulgarları ilk Bulgar devleti, Avrupa Bulgarları Bulgaristan ve Asya Bulgarları Tataristan. İran adı, uluslararası ilişkilerde resmi olarak 1935ten beri kullanılmaktadır, ancak makalede kolay anlaşılırlığı sağlayabilmek amacıyla ülkenin önceki dönemlerine atıf yaparken de İran ifadesi eklenmektedir. Yöntem ve teknik, 2010-2021 yılları arasında Ukrayna, Bulgaristan, Rusya ve İranda elde edilen birincil verilerin ve hem tarihsel hem güncel sürecin izlenmesinden elde edilen ikincil verilerin arkeolojik veriler dâhil tarihsel sosyoloji çerçevesinde çok katmanlı çözümlenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Ulaşılan beş temel sonuç şöyledir: 1. Karadenizin kuzeyinde 632 yılında kurulan ilk Bulgar devletinden günümüze kadar, Bulgarlar ve İran coğrafyası arasında belirli kesintilerle de olsa süreğen, giderek yoğunlaşan ve çoğunlukla alış-veriş ve dayanışma biçiminde bir etkileşim söz konusudur. İranın unsurlarından biri olan Fars kültürünün etkisi, üç Bulgar topluluğunda da öncelikle seçkinler arasında yayılmıştır. 2. Avrupa Bulgarları ve İran arasındaki ilişkiler, başlangıçta politik-askeri ilişkiler bağlamında başlamış olup, günümüzde ortak bir etnik köken ve ırk arayışına kadar varmaktadır. Bulgaristandaki bu arayış, günümüzde Balkanlarda İranla kurulan en aşırı ilişkidir. 3. Asya Bulgarları ve İran arasındaki ilişkiler, başlangıçta ticari ilişkiler bağlamında başlamış olup, günümüzde kültürel ilişkiler bağlamında yoğunlaşmaktadır. 4. Bulgaristanın İrandaki hem iktidar hem muhalif çevrelerle ilişkisi, Tataristanın ise İrandaki iktidarla ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. 5. Yakın gelecekte Bulgaristan, Tataristan ve İran arasındaki ilişkiler, dış engel çıkmadığı takdirde ikili ilişkilerden üçlü ilişkiye de dönüşebilir.

Article Details

BULGAR(IAN)S AND THE SOCIAL-CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY OF IRAN: RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONNECTION

Authors:

Vildane Özkan (alieva)

Publisher:

Bingol University

Main Topics:

Sosyoloji

Journal:

Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.1-28

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288735

pISSN:

1309-6672

Black Sea Bulgars

European Bulgar(ian)s

Asian Bulgars

Social-Cultural Geography of Iran

Reconstruction of ConnectionKaradeniz Bulgarları

Avrupa Bulgarları

Asya Bulgarları

İran Toplumsal-Kültürel Coğrafyası

Bağlantının Yeniden İnşası

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Vildane Özkan (alieva)

Publisher: Bingol University

Main Topics: Sosyoloji

Journal: Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.1-28

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 4/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001288735

pISSN: 1309-6672

Issues

Authors:

Vildane Özkan (alieva)

Publisher:

Bingol University

Main Topics:

Sosyoloji

Journal:

Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Issue 25, pp.1-28

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

4/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001288735

pISSN:

1309-6672