INTRA-İNDUSTRY TRADE ANALYSİS WİTH GRUBEL-LLOYD İNDEX: TURKEY AND SOUTH KOREA AUTOMOTİVE SECTOR

Ayşegül Kurt

Article Details

INTRA-İNDUSTRY TRADE ANALYSİS WİTH GRUBEL-LLOYD İNDEX: TURKEY AND SOUTH KOREA AUTOMOTİVE SECTOR

Authors:

Ayşegül Kurt

Publisher:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Main Topics:

Dış Ticaret

Journal:

Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Çalışmalar Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.50-64

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323150

pISSN:

3023-6096

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The automotive industry is a source of tax revenue by increasing exports and employment in the country where it is located. Therefore, it is of critical importance for the economic growth of a country. The automotive sectors dragging-locomotive effect in the economy and its connection with other industrial branches raises the question of how automotive trade is realized between countries. The concept of intra-industry trade, which is a form of trade in which products produced in the same or similar industries are both imported and exported simultaneously, is included in the New Foreign Trade Theories used to explain todays international trade. The intra-industry trade value of the automotive trade of South Korea, which is considered as an automotive giant, and Turkey, which has recently launched a domestic automobile brand, is the subject of this study in this framework. Although there are different methods for determining the existence of a countrys intra-industry trade in a particular sector, the most widely used of these methods is Grubel-Lloyds Intra-Industry Trade Index. With this method, an index with a value between 0-1 is created by using the foreign trade data of countries. In this study, HS product classification and four-digit product group 7843 data were used to determine the intra-industry trade of Turkey and South Korea in the automotive sector. With these data, the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade Index was calculated by the author. According to the results of the analysis, the highest intra-industry trade indices between Turkey and South Korea between 2000 and 2023 are 2009 0.37, 2010 0.20 and 2021-2022 0.16. Turkeys imports of intermediate goods, the incomplete RD activities in the sector and South Koreas market power may be among the main reasons for low intra-industry trade values. It is concluded that intra-industry trade should be increased depending on the effective functioning of economies of scale and cost advantages. In particular, in order to improve intra-industry trade in the automotive sector in Turkey, RD activities should be increased and human capital should be improved.

 The automotive industry is a source of tax revenue by increasing exports and employment in the country where it is located. Therefore, it is of critical importance for the economic growth of a country. The automotive sectors dragging-locomotive effect in the economy and its connection with other industrial branches raises the question of how automotive trade is realized between countries. The concept of intra-industry trade, which is a form of trade in which products produced in the same or similar industries are both imported and exported simultaneously, is included in the New Foreign Trade Theories used to explain todays international trade. The intra-industry trade value of the automotive trade of South Korea, which is considered as an automotive giant, and Turkey, which has recently launched a domestic automobile brand, is the subject of this study in this framework. Although there are different methods for determining the existence of a countrys intra-industry trade in a particular sector, the most widely used of these methods is Grubel-Lloyds Intra-Industry Trade Index. With this method, an index with a value between 0-1 is created by using the foreign trade data of countries. In this study, HS product classification and four-digit product group 7843 data were used to determine the intra-industry trade of Turkey and South Korea in the automotive sector. With these data, the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade Index was calculated by the author. According to the results of the analysis, the highest intra-industry trade indices between Turkey and South Korea between 2000 and 2023 are 2009 0.37, 2010 0.20 and 2021-2022 0.16. Turkeys imports of intermediate goods, the incomplete RD activities in the sector and South Koreas market power may be among the main reasons for low intra-industry trade values. It is concluded that intra-industry trade should be increased depending on the effective functioning of economies of scale and cost advantages. In particular, in order to improve intra-industry trade in the automotive sector in Turkey, RD activities should be increased and human capital should be improved.

 The automotive industry is a source of tax revenue by increasing exports and employment in the country where it is located. Therefore, it is of critical importance for the economic growth of a country. The automotive sectors dragging-locomotive effect in the economy and its connection with other industrial branches raises the question of how automotive trade is realized between countries. The concept of intra-industry trade, which is a form of trade in which products produced in the same or similar industries are both imported and exported simultaneously, is included in the New Foreign Trade Theories used to explain todays international trade. The intra-industry trade value of the automotive trade of South Korea, which is considered as an automotive giant, and Turkey, which has recently launched a domestic automobile brand, is the subject of this study in this framework. Although there are different methods for determining the existence of a countrys intra-industry trade in a particular sector, the most widely used of these methods is Grubel-Lloyds Intra-Industry Trade Index. With this method, an index with a value between 0-1 is created by using the foreign trade data of countries. In this study, HS product classification and four-digit product group 7843 data were used to determine the intra-industry trade of Turkey and South Korea in the automotive sector. With these data, the Grubel-Lloyd Intra-Industry Trade Index was calculated by the author. According to the results of the analysis, the highest intra-industry trade indices between Turkey and South Korea between 2000 and 2023 are 2009 0.37, 2010 0.20 and 2021-2022 0.16. Turkeys imports of intermediate goods, the incomplete RD activities in the sector and South Koreas market power may be among the main reasons for low intra-industry trade values. It is concluded that intra-industry trade should be increased depending on the effective functioning of economies of scale and cost advantages. In particular, in order to improve intra-industry trade in the automotive sector in Turkey, RD activities should be increased and human capital should be improved.

 Otomotiv endüstrisi, bulunduğu ülkede ihracatı ve istihdamı artırarak vergi geliri kaynağı oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bir ülkenin ekonomik büyümesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Otomotiv sektörünün ekonomideki sürükleyici-lokomotif etkisi, diğer sanayi dalları ile bağlantısı, ülkeler arasında otomotiv ticaretinin nasıl gerçekleştiği sorusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Aynı ya da benzer endüstrilerde üretilmiş ürünlerin eşanlı olarak hem ithalatının hem de ihracatının yapıldığı ticaret şekli olan endüstri-içi ticaret kavramı günümüz uluslararası ticaretini açıklamakta kullanılan Yeni Dış Ticaret Teorilerinin içinde yer almaktadır. Otomotiv devi olarak kabul edilen Güney Kore ile yakın zamanda yerli otomobil markasını piyasaya sunan Türkiyenin otomotiv ticaretinin endüstri-içi ticaret değeri bu çerçevede çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bir ülkenin belirli bir sektörde endüstri-içi ticaretinin varlığının tespit edilmesine yönelik farklı yöntemler bulunmakla birlikte bu yöntemlerden en yaygın kullanılanı Grubel-Lloydun Endüstri-İçi Ticaret Endeksidir. Bu yöntem ile ülkelerin dış ticaret verileri kullanılarak 0-1 arasında değer alan bir endeks oluşturulmaktadır. Türkiye ile Güney Korenin otomotiv sektöründe endüstri-içi ticaretinin tespit edildiği bu çalışmada, HS ürün sınıflaması ve dört haneli ürün grubu 7843 verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu veriler ile yazar tarafından Grubel-Lloyd Endüstri-İçi Ticaret Endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, 2000 ile 2023 yılları arasında Türkiye ile Güney Kore otomotiv endüstri-içi ticaret endeksinin en yüksek olduğu yıllar sırasıyla 2009 0,37 ve 2010 0,20 2021-2022 0.16 olarak belirlenmiştir. Türkiyenin ara mal ithalatında bulunması, sektördeki AR-GE çalışmalarının henüz tamamlanmamış olması ve Güney Korenin piyasa gücü endüstri-içi ticaret değerlerinin düşük olmasının temel nedenleri arasında yer alabilmektedir. Endüstri-içi ticaretin, ölçek ekonomilerinin etkin bir şekilde işlemesine ve maliyet avantajı sağlamasına bağlı olarak artırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Özellikle Türkiyede otomotiv sektöründe endüstri-içi ticaretin geliştirilmesi için AR-GE faaliyetlerinin artırılması ve beşerî sermayenin iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Article Details

INTRA-İNDUSTRY TRADE ANALYSİS WİTH GRUBEL-LLOYD İNDEX: TURKEY AND SOUTH KOREA AUTOMOTİVE SECTOR

Authors:

Ayşegül Kurt

Publisher:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Main Topics:

Dış Ticaret

Journal:

Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Çalışmalar Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.50-64

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323150

pISSN:

3023-6096

GRUBEL-LLOYD INDEX

INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE

FOREİGN TRADE

AUTOMOTİVE SECTORGRUBEL-LLOYD ENDEKSİ

ENDÜSTRİ-İÇİ TİCARET

DIŞ TİCARET

OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜ

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ayşegül Kurt

Publisher: Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Main Topics: Dış Ticaret

Journal: Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Çalışmalar Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.50-64

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 7/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001323150

pISSN: 3023-6096

Issues

Authors:

Ayşegül Kurt

Publisher:

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Main Topics:

Dış Ticaret

Journal:

Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Çalışmalar Dergisi Vol.2 Issue 1, pp.50-64

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001323150

pISSN:

3023-6096