Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Nıjmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale: Assessment of Validity and Relıability

İmran Gökçen Yılmaz Karaman; Cennet Yastıbaş; Ali Ercan Altınöz; İrem Naz Örnekel; Muzaffer Bilgin; Gulcan Gulec

Article Details

Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Nıjmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale: Assessment of Validity and Relıability

Authors:

İmran Gökçen Yılmaz Karaman | Cennet Yastıbaş | Ali Ercan Altınöz | İrem Naz Örnekel | Muzaffer Bilgin | Gulcan Gulec

Publisher:

Duzce University

Main Topics:

Health Care Administration

Journal:

Konuralp Medical Journal Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.429-437

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301711

pISSN:

1309-3878

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Objective: Gender affects how we serve and receive medical care. World Health Organization evaluates gender as a social determinant of health. However, a knowledge gap exists among physicians. The present study aims to adapt Nijmegen Gender in Medicine Awareness Scale N-GAMS in the Turkish language and define Turkish medical students gender awareness level and related factors. Methods: Two hundred seventy-two medical students participated. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy- Student Version, and N-GAMS were utilized to collect data; in addition to sociodemographic form. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis repeated a three-factor structure, as previously demonstrated. The Cronbachs alpha of the Turkish N-GAMS was 0.887. Criteria-related validity analysis resulted as follows: Gender sensitivity was associated with higher empathy and higher benevolent sexism. Gender role ideology toward patients scores were related to the male sex, lower empathy, and higher levels of sexist attitudes regarding both hostile and benevolent types. Gender role ideology toward doctors was higher in male students, in those with lower empathy, and in ambivalent sexism. Turkish medical students in our sample were less gender-sensitive than their European counterparts. Conclusion: N-GAMS is valid and reliable among Turkish medical students. There is a need for training in gender awareness in medical faculties.

 Objective: Gender affects how we serve and receive medical care. World Health Organization evaluates gender as a social determinant of health. However, a knowledge gap exists among physicians. The present study aims to adapt Nijmegen Gender in Medicine Awareness Scale N-GAMS in the Turkish language and define Turkish medical students gender awareness level and related factors. Methods: Two hundred seventy-two medical students participated. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy- Student Version, and N-GAMS were utilized to collect data; in addition to sociodemographic form. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis repeated a three-factor structure, as previously demonstrated. The Cronbachs alpha of the Turkish N-GAMS was 0.887. Criteria-related validity analysis resulted as follows: Gender sensitivity was associated with higher empathy and higher benevolent sexism. Gender role ideology toward patients scores were related to the male sex, lower empathy, and higher levels of sexist attitudes regarding both hostile and benevolent types. Gender role ideology toward doctors was higher in male students, in those with lower empathy, and in ambivalent sexism. Turkish medical students in our sample were less gender-sensitive than their European counterparts. Conclusion: N-GAMS is valid and reliable among Turkish medical students. There is a need for training in gender awareness in medical faculties.

 Objective: Gender affects how we serve and receive medical care. World Health Organization evaluates gender as a social determinant of health. However, a knowledge gap exists among physicians. The present study aims to adapt Nijmegen Gender in Medicine Awareness Scale N-GAMS in the Turkish language and define Turkish medical students gender awareness level and related factors. Methods: Two hundred seventy-two medical students participated. The Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy- Student Version, and N-GAMS were utilized to collect data; in addition to sociodemographic form. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis repeated a three-factor structure, as previously demonstrated. The Cronbachs alpha of the Turkish N-GAMS was 0.887. Criteria-related validity analysis resulted as follows: Gender sensitivity was associated with higher empathy and higher benevolent sexism. Gender role ideology toward patients scores were related to the male sex, lower empathy, and higher levels of sexist attitudes regarding both hostile and benevolent types. Gender role ideology toward doctors was higher in male students, in those with lower empathy, and in ambivalent sexism. Turkish medical students in our sample were less gender-sensitive than their European counterparts. Conclusion: N-GAMS is valid and reliable among Turkish medical students. There is a need for training in gender awareness in medical faculties.

 Amaç: Cinsiyet, nasıl hizmet verdiğimizi ve nasıl tıbbi bakım aldığımızı etkiler. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, cinsiyeti sağlığın sosyal bir belirleyicisi olarak değerlendirmektedir. Ancak, doktorlar arasında cinsiyet konusunda yeterli farkındalık bulunmayabilir. Bu çalışma, Nijmegen Tıpta Cinsiyet Farkındalığı Ölçeğinin N-GAMS Türkçeye uyarlanması ve Türkiyedeki tıp öğrencilerinin toplumsal cinsiyet farkındalık düzeylerinin ve ilgili faktörlerin tanımlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve yöntem: İki yüz yetmiş iki tıp öğrencisi bu kesitsel çalışmaya katıldı. Veri toplamak için sosyodemografik forma ek olarak Çelişik Duygulu Cinsiyetçilik Ölçeği, Jefferson Doktor Empati Ölçeği-Öğrenci Versiyonu ve N-GAMS kullanıldı. Bulgular: Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, ölçeğin daha önce gösterilen üç faktörlü yapısını tekrarladı. Türkçe N-GAMSin Cronbach alfa değeri 0.887 idi. Kriterlere bağlı geçerlilik analizi şu şekilde sonuçlanmıştır: Cinsiyet duyarlılığı, daha yüksek empati ve daha yüksek korumacı cinsiyetçilik ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Hastalara yönelik cinsiyet rolü ideolojisi puanları, erkek cinsiyet, daha düşük empati ve hem düşmanca hem de korumacı cinsiyetçi tutumlarla ilişkiliydi. Doktorlara yönelik toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ideolojisi, erkek öğrencilerde, empati düzeyi düşük olanlarda ve çelişik duygulu cinsiyetçilikte daha yüksekti. Örneğimizdeki Türk tıp öğrencileri, Avrupalı meslektaşlarına göre toplumsal cinsiyete daha az duyarlıydı. Sonuç: N-GAMS Türk tıp öğrencileri arasında geçerli ve güvenilirdir. Tıp fakültelerinde toplumsal cinsiyet farkındalığı konusunda eğitime ihtiyaç vardır.

Article Details

Turkish Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Nıjmegen Gender Awareness in Medicine Scale: Assessment of Validity and Relıability

Authors:

İmran Gökçen Yılmaz Karaman | Cennet Yastıbaş | Ali Ercan Altınöz | İrem Naz Örnekel | Muzaffer Bilgin | Gulcan Gulec

Publisher:

Duzce University

Main Topics:

Health Care Administration

Journal:

Konuralp Medical Journal Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.429-437

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301711

pISSN:

1309-3878

gender role

sexism

gender equity

medical students

medical educationcinsiyetçilik

cinsiyet eşitliği

tıp öğrencileri

tıp eğitimi

cinsiyet rolü

Issues

Article Details

Authors: İmran Gökçen Yılmaz Karaman | Cennet Yastıbaş | Ali Ercan Altınöz | İrem Naz Örnekel | Muzaffer Bilgin | Gulcan Gulec

Publisher: Duzce University

Main Topics: Health Care Administration

Journal: Konuralp Medical Journal Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.429-437

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 10/2023

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001301711

pISSN: 1309-3878

Issues

Authors:

İmran Gökçen Yılmaz Karaman | Cennet Yastıbaş | Ali Ercan Altınöz | İrem Naz Örnekel | Muzaffer Bilgin | Gulcan Gulec

Publisher:

Duzce University

Main Topics:

Health Care Administration

Journal:

Konuralp Medical Journal Vol.15 Issue 3, pp.429-437

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301711

pISSN:

1309-3878