AN EVALUATION ON THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH MUQADDIMATU’L-ADAB WAS WRITTEN

Musa Aytekin

Article Details

AN EVALUATION ON THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH MUQADDIMATU’L-ADAB WAS WRITTEN

Authors:

Musa Aytekin

Publisher:

Cukurova University

Main Topics:

Tarihi Kuzey Doğu Türk Dili (Harezm | Kıpçak | Çağatay)

Journal:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.290-305

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320163

pISSN:

2587-1900

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Muqaddimatul-Adab is a work that has served many nations as a dictionary and grammar book in language teaching since the century it was written by Zamakhshari until today. When the information it contains and the name given to the work are evaluated together, it is understood that it is a work that is a beginning to Arabic linguistics. Written in five parts, each part of the work should be examined separately in its own context. The nouns section contains the dictionary, the verbs section contains sentence information, and the last three sections contain Arabic grammar information. The size of the Arabic calligraphy and the width of the lines in the first two chapters are the most obvious indicators that the work has been arranged in accordance with language teaching with the sublinear translation method. What is known about this work, whose many features have remained unchanged until today, with the manuscripts classified for this purpose and spread over a wide geography, is limited only to the information in the introduction section. The limited amount of what is known about it has been the biggest obstacle to revealing the work with all its features. The majority of the manuscripts we can access today show that the work served as an Arabic handbook. While the Arabic calligraphy in the manuscripts has survived unchanged from the oldest to the newest, the linguistic features of the below-the-line translations have come to reflect the culture in which they were classified. So much so that over time, the manuscripts acquired a multilingual structure, especially Arabic, Persian and Turkish. However, at the very beginning of this innovation and localization process, the information about the language of Zamakhsharis target nation has not yet gained validity. The evaluations made on the language of the work have also differed, just like the manuscripts with different languages and dialects. The fact that we do not have the original manuscript today has limited the evaluations made on the subject to guesses. However, when each of the elements that make up the work is evaluated within itself, it becomes possible to make an assessment of which language or languages come to the fore. The Berlin manuscript, one of the oldest manuscripts classified in Khwarezm Turkish among the known manuscripts, is important in revealing the scope and function of the work. The manuscript is one of the complete manuscripts of the work, except for the missing folios. Apart from Khwarezmian Turkish, the presence of later additions in Turkish, Persian and Arabic makes the manuscript even more valuable. For this reason, cultural factors such as Zamakhshari, Atsız, Khwarezm geography and cultural history will be evaluated on the axis of the Berlin manuscript and a conclusion will be made about the language or languages in which the work is written.

 Muqaddimatul-Adab is a work that has served many nations as a dictionary and grammar book in language teaching since the century it was written by Zamakhshari until today. When the information it contains and the name given to the work are evaluated together, it is understood that it is a work that is a beginning to Arabic linguistics. Written in five parts, each part of the work should be examined separately in its own context. The nouns section contains the dictionary, the verbs section contains sentence information, and the last three sections contain Arabic grammar information. The size of the Arabic calligraphy and the width of the lines in the first two chapters are the most obvious indicators that the work has been arranged in accordance with language teaching with the sublinear translation method. What is known about this work, whose many features have remained unchanged until today, with the manuscripts classified for this purpose and spread over a wide geography, is limited only to the information in the introduction section. The limited amount of what is known about it has been the biggest obstacle to revealing the work with all its features. The majority of the manuscripts we can access today show that the work served as an Arabic handbook. While the Arabic calligraphy in the manuscripts has survived unchanged from the oldest to the newest, the linguistic features of the below-the-line translations have come to reflect the culture in which they were classified. So much so that over time, the manuscripts acquired a multilingual structure, especially Arabic, Persian and Turkish. However, at the very beginning of this innovation and localization process, the information about the language of Zamakhsharis target nation has not yet gained validity. The evaluations made on the language of the work have also differed, just like the manuscripts with different languages and dialects. The fact that we do not have the original manuscript today has limited the evaluations made on the subject to guesses. However, when each of the elements that make up the work is evaluated within itself, it becomes possible to make an assessment of which language or languages come to the fore. The Berlin manuscript, one of the oldest manuscripts classified in Khwarezm Turkish among the known manuscripts, is important in revealing the scope and function of the work. The manuscript is one of the complete manuscripts of the work, except for the missing folios. Apart from Khwarezmian Turkish, the presence of later additions in Turkish, Persian and Arabic makes the manuscript even more valuable. For this reason, cultural factors such as Zamakhshari, Atsız, Khwarezm geography and cultural history will be evaluated on the axis of the Berlin manuscript and a conclusion will be made about the language or languages in which the work is written.

 Muqaddimatul-Adab is a work that has served many nations as a dictionary and grammar book in language teaching since the century it was written by Zamakhshari until today. When the information it contains and the name given to the work are evaluated together, it is understood that it is a work that is a beginning to Arabic linguistics. Written in five parts, each part of the work should be examined separately in its own context. The nouns section contains the dictionary, the verbs section contains sentence information, and the last three sections contain Arabic grammar information. The size of the Arabic calligraphy and the width of the lines in the first two chapters are the most obvious indicators that the work has been arranged in accordance with language teaching with the sublinear translation method. What is known about this work, whose many features have remained unchanged until today, with the manuscripts classified for this purpose and spread over a wide geography, is limited only to the information in the introduction section. The limited amount of what is known about it has been the biggest obstacle to revealing the work with all its features. The majority of the manuscripts we can access today show that the work served as an Arabic handbook. While the Arabic calligraphy in the manuscripts has survived unchanged from the oldest to the newest, the linguistic features of the below-the-line translations have come to reflect the culture in which they were classified. So much so that over time, the manuscripts acquired a multilingual structure, especially Arabic, Persian and Turkish. However, at the very beginning of this innovation and localization process, the information about the language of Zamakhsharis target nation has not yet gained validity. The evaluations made on the language of the work have also differed, just like the manuscripts with different languages and dialects. The fact that we do not have the original manuscript today has limited the evaluations made on the subject to guesses. However, when each of the elements that make up the work is evaluated within itself, it becomes possible to make an assessment of which language or languages come to the fore. The Berlin manuscript, one of the oldest manuscripts classified in Khwarezm Turkish among the known manuscripts, is important in revealing the scope and function of the work. The manuscript is one of the complete manuscripts of the work, except for the missing folios. Apart from Khwarezmian Turkish, the presence of later additions in Turkish, Persian and Arabic makes the manuscript even more valuable. For this reason, cultural factors such as Zamakhshari, Atsız, Khwarezm geography and cultural history will be evaluated on the axis of the Berlin manuscript and a conclusion will be made about the language or languages in which the work is written.

 Mukaddimetül-Edeb, Zemahşerî tarafından telif edildiği yüzyıldan günümüze kadar birçok millete, dil öğretiminde sözlük ve gramer kitabı olarak hizmet etmiş bir eserdir. İçerdiği bilgiler ve esere verilen isim birlikte değerlendirildiğinde Arapça dilbilime başlangıç mahiyetinde bir eser olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Beş bölüm halinde telif edilen eserin her bir bölümü, kendi bağlamında ayrı ayrı incelenmesi gereken bölümlerdir. İsimler bölümü sözlük, fiiller bölümü cümle bilgisi son üç bölüm ise Arapça gramer bilgilerini içeren bölümlerdir. İlk iki bölümde yer alan Arapça hattın büyüklüğü ve satır aralarının genişliği, eserin satır altı çeviri metoduyla dil öğretimine uygun olarak teliftasnif edilmiş olduğunun en bariz göstergesidir. Bu amaçla tasnif edilmiş ve geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmış nüshalarıyla, günümüze kadar birçok özelliği değişmeden gelen bu eser hakkında bilinenler, yalnızca mukaddime bölümündeki bilgilerle sınırlı kalmıştır. Hakkında bilinenlerin kısıtlı oluşu eserin bütün özellikleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmasının önündeki en büyük engel olmuştur. Bugün ulaşabildiğimiz nüshaların geneli, eserin bir Arapça el kitabı işlevi gördüğünü göstermektedir. Nüshalardaki Arapça hat, en eskisinden en yenisine kadar değişmeden günümüze kadar ulaşırken satır altı çevirilerin dil özellikleri tasnif edildiği kültürü yansıtır hale gelmiştir. Öyle ki nüshalar zamanla Arapça, Farsça ve Türkçe başta olmak üzere çok dilli bir yapıya kavuşmuştur. Ancak bu yenileşme ve yerlileşme sürecinin en başında, Zemahşerînin hedef kitlesinin dili konusunda ortaya konulan bilgiler, henüz geçerlilik kazanmış değildir. Eserin dili üzerine yapılan değerlendirmeler de tıpkı dil ve lehçeleri farklılaşan nüshalar gibi farklılaşmıştır. Telif hattının bugün elimizde olmayışı, konu hakkında yapılan değerlendirmeleri tahminlerle sınırlamıştır. Fakat eseri meydana getiren unsurların her biri kendi içerisinde değerlendirildiğinde, hangi dil veya dillerin ön plana çıktığı noktasında bir değerlendirme yapmamız mümkün hale gelmektedir. Bilinen nüshaları içerisinde Harezm Türkçesi ile tasnif edilmiş en eski nüshalarından biri olan Berlin nüshası, eserin kapsamını ve işlevini ortaya koymak adına önem arz etmektedir. Nüsha, eksik varaklar haricinde eserin büyük oranda tam nüshalarından biridir. Harezm Türkçesi dışında sonradan Türkçe, Farsça ve Arapça eklemelerin bulunması nüshayı daha da değerli hale getirmektedir. Bu sebeple yazımızda Zemahşerî, Atsız, Harezm coğrafyası ve kültür tarihi gibi faktörler Berlin nüshası ekseninde değerlendirilip eserin telif sürecindeki dili konusunda bir sonuca varılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Article Details

AN EVALUATION ON THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH MUQADDIMATU’L-ADAB WAS WRITTEN

Authors:

Musa Aytekin

Publisher:

Cukurova University

Main Topics:

Tarihi Kuzey Doğu Türk Dili (Harezm | Kıpçak | Çağatay)

Journal:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.290-305

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320163

pISSN:

2587-1900

Khwarezm Turkish

Muqaddimatu’l-Adab

ZamakhshariMukaddimetü’l-Edeb

Harezm Türkçesi

Zemahşerî

Issues

Article Details

AN EVALUATION ON THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH MUQADDIMATU’L-ADAB WAS WRITTEN

Authors: Musa Aytekin

Publisher: Cukurova University

Main Topics: Tarihi Kuzey Doğu Türk Dili (Harezm | Kıpçak | Çağatay)

Journal: Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.290-305

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001320163

pISSN: 2587-1900

Khwarezm Turkish

Muqaddimatu’l-Adab

ZamakhshariMukaddimetü’l-Edeb

Harezm Türkçesi

Zemahşerî

Issues

Authors:

Musa Aytekin

Publisher:

Cukurova University

Main Topics:

Tarihi Kuzey Doğu Türk Dili (Harezm | Kıpçak | Çağatay)

Journal:

Çukurova Üniversitesi Türkoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 1, pp.290-305

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001320163

pISSN:

2587-1900