The Status of Woman in Funeral Procedures in Islamic Law

Vildan Sali Duman

Article Details

The Status of Woman in Funeral Procedures in Islamic Law

Authors:

Vildan Sali Duman

Publisher:

Motif Yayıncılık

Main Topics:

İslam Hukuku

Journal:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 66, pp.165-194

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321181

pISSN:

1301-966X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 With the realization of death, which is the end of world life and the bridge to the beginning of the afterlife, certain religious and legal procedures must be carried out. These requirements differ for men and women according to Islamic law. The prophetic sunnah and local customs play an important role in ceremonial differences of funerals between men and women while making those differences legally binding. In addition to the individual aspects of a female funeral, such as the announcement of death, who will do the washing and shrouding, meeting the funeral expenses, performing the funeral prayer, carrying the body to the graveyard and burying it, there are also social elements such as the participation of the female congregation in the funeral prayer, the line status in the prayer, visiting the grave, condolence, and mourning. In this study, the factors that cause the emergence of these differences will be discussed in the context of female funerals and female congregations. In particular, such as responsibilities such as womens hijab, protection, and privacy, as well as her physiological characteristics, attractiveness, voice in terms of sedition are both individual and social responsibilities. This research, which concerns the sociological dimension of Islamic law, aims to reveal the perspective of fiqh and society on women. Today, the demands of women, who are social beings, and the questions about the participation of women in funerals have led to the need to reconsider the status of women in funeral procedures. Based on this problem, the research aims to reveal the position of women in funeral procedures, while identifying the ongoing problems regarding her status. In this context, in the light of custom and related hadiths, the reflection of the jurists view of women on the procedures related to womens funerals and the provisions related to the female congregation has been discussed. In the preparation of this study, classical and modern period works have been utilized. The fuqahas judgements related to the funeral of women and the female participation in the funeral prayers have been discussed by the inductive method focusing on the questions: i whether there have been changes in this perspective over time and ii how this is reflected in the ijtihadic provisions. It is important for todays women to participate in funeral procedures, provided that they pay attention to the hijab and comply with the necessary conditions. The fact that women, who constitute an important part of social life, take part in education, economy, politics and working life proves that it is unnecessary to restrict them in funeral procedures. The right and responsibility to be present at the funeral congregation, which allows contemplation of the binding of Allah and the transience of the life of this world, is important in that it is also granted to women, provided that they refrain from unbecoming behavior such as gossip and to chat. As seen in many provisions on women, the fact that women themselves are taken as a cause is also effective in the conclusions reached in this research.

 With the realization of death, which is the end of world life and the bridge to the beginning of the afterlife, certain religious and legal procedures must be carried out. These requirements differ for men and women according to Islamic law. The prophetic sunnah and local customs play an important role in ceremonial differences of funerals between men and women while making those differences legally binding. In addition to the individual aspects of a female funeral, such as the announcement of death, who will do the washing and shrouding, meeting the funeral expenses, performing the funeral prayer, carrying the body to the graveyard and burying it, there are also social elements such as the participation of the female congregation in the funeral prayer, the line status in the prayer, visiting the grave, condolence, and mourning. In this study, the factors that cause the emergence of these differences will be discussed in the context of female funerals and female congregations. In particular, such as responsibilities such as womens hijab, protection, and privacy, as well as her physiological characteristics, attractiveness, voice in terms of sedition are both individual and social responsibilities. This research, which concerns the sociological dimension of Islamic law, aims to reveal the perspective of fiqh and society on women. Today, the demands of women, who are social beings, and the questions about the participation of women in funerals have led to the need to reconsider the status of women in funeral procedures. Based on this problem, the research aims to reveal the position of women in funeral procedures, while identifying the ongoing problems regarding her status. In this context, in the light of custom and related hadiths, the reflection of the jurists view of women on the procedures related to womens funerals and the provisions related to the female congregation has been discussed. In the preparation of this study, classical and modern period works have been utilized. The fuqahas judgements related to the funeral of women and the female participation in the funeral prayers have been discussed by the inductive method focusing on the questions: i whether there have been changes in this perspective over time and ii how this is reflected in the ijtihadic provisions. It is important for todays women to participate in funeral procedures, provided that they pay attention to the hijab and comply with the necessary conditions. The fact that women, who constitute an important part of social life, take part in education, economy, politics and working life proves that it is unnecessary to restrict them in funeral procedures. The right and responsibility to be present at the funeral congregation, which allows contemplation of the binding of Allah and the transience of the life of this world, is important in that it is also granted to women, provided that they refrain from unbecoming behavior such as gossip and to chat. As seen in many provisions on women, the fact that women themselves are taken as a cause is also effective in the conclusions reached in this research.

 With the realization of death, which is the end of world life and the bridge to the beginning of the afterlife, certain religious and legal procedures must be carried out. These requirements differ for men and women according to Islamic law. The prophetic sunnah and local customs play an important role in ceremonial differences of funerals between men and women while making those differences legally binding. In addition to the individual aspects of a female funeral, such as the announcement of death, who will do the washing and shrouding, meeting the funeral expenses, performing the funeral prayer, carrying the body to the graveyard and burying it, there are also social elements such as the participation of the female congregation in the funeral prayer, the line status in the prayer, visiting the grave, condolence, and mourning. In this study, the factors that cause the emergence of these differences will be discussed in the context of female funerals and female congregations. In particular, such as responsibilities such as womens hijab, protection, and privacy, as well as her physiological characteristics, attractiveness, voice in terms of sedition are both individual and social responsibilities. This research, which concerns the sociological dimension of Islamic law, aims to reveal the perspective of fiqh and society on women. Today, the demands of women, who are social beings, and the questions about the participation of women in funerals have led to the need to reconsider the status of women in funeral procedures. Based on this problem, the research aims to reveal the position of women in funeral procedures, while identifying the ongoing problems regarding her status. In this context, in the light of custom and related hadiths, the reflection of the jurists view of women on the procedures related to womens funerals and the provisions related to the female congregation has been discussed. In the preparation of this study, classical and modern period works have been utilized. The fuqahas judgements related to the funeral of women and the female participation in the funeral prayers have been discussed by the inductive method focusing on the questions: i whether there have been changes in this perspective over time and ii how this is reflected in the ijtihadic provisions. It is important for todays women to participate in funeral procedures, provided that they pay attention to the hijab and comply with the necessary conditions. The fact that women, who constitute an important part of social life, take part in education, economy, politics and working life proves that it is unnecessary to restrict them in funeral procedures. The right and responsibility to be present at the funeral congregation, which allows contemplation of the binding of Allah and the transience of the life of this world, is important in that it is also granted to women, provided that they refrain from unbecoming behavior such as gossip and to chat. As seen in many provisions on women, the fact that women themselves are taken as a cause is also effective in the conclusions reached in this research.

 Dünya hayatının sonu ve âhiret hayatının başlangıcına köprü olan ölümün gerçekleşmesi ile yaratılmışlar içinde en şerefli kılınan insana ölümünden sonra da hürmet gösterilmesi, dînen belirli işlemlerin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu gereklilikler İslâm hukukuna göre kadın ve erkek için farklılık arz etmektedir. Sünnet ile örf-âdetler, cenaze işlemlerinde kadın ve erkek arasında farklılıkların ortaya çıkması ve bunların bağlayıcı olmasında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmada, kadın cenazenin ölüm ilânı, yıkama ve kefenlemenin kim tarafından yapılacağı, cenaze masraflarının karşılanması, cenaze namazının kılınması, cenazenin kabristana taşınması ve toprağa verilmesi; kadın cemaatin cenaze namazına katılması, namazdaki saf durumu, kadının kabir ziyaretinde bulunması, taziye ve yas tutma gibi bireysel ve toplumsal unsurlar, bu farklılıkların ortaya çıkmasına sebep olan etkenler kadın cenaze ve kadın cemaat bağlamında ele alınmıştır. İslam hukukunun daha çok sosyolojik boyutunu ilgilendiren bu araştırma ile fıkhın ve toplumun kadına bakış açısı ortaya konmak istenmiştir. Özellikle kadının tesettürü, muhafazası, mahremiyeti, fizyolojik özellikleri, dikkat çekiciliği, sesi, fitne sebebi olması gibi unsurların bireysel ve toplumsal olduğu görülmektedir. Günümüzde, sosyal bir varlık olan kadınların talepleri ve kadın cemaatin cenazeye katılması ile ilgili soruların gündeme gelmesi, cenaze işlemlerinde kadının durumunun yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gereğini doğurmuştur. Araştırmada bu problem baz alınarak, kadınların cenaze işlemlerindeki konumunun ortaya konması ve durum tespiti yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda örf ve ilgili hadisler ışığında fukahânın kadına bakış açısının kadın cenaze ile ilgili işlemlere ve kadın cemaat ile ilgili hükümlere yansıması ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanmasında klasik ve modern dönem eserlerden istifade edilerek fukahânın kadının cenazesi ve kadın cemaatin cenazeye katılması ile ilgili hükümlerdeki bakış açısı, bu bakış açısında zamanla değişikliklerin olup olmadığı ve bunun ictihâdî hükümlere nasıl yansıdığı tümevarım yöntemi ile ele alınmıştır. Tesettür, hâl-harekete dikkat edilmesi ve gerekli şartlara riayet edilmesi durumunda, kadının erkek cemaatin yanında cenaze ile ilgili işlemlere katılması günümüz kadınları için önem arz etmektedir. Toplumsal yaşamın önemli bir parçasını teşkil eden kadının eğitim, ekonomi, siyaset ve çalışma hayatında yer almasına rağmen cenaze işlemlerinde kısıtlanmaması; tesettürün sağlanması, hâl-harekete dikkat edilmesi ve gerekli şartlara riayet edilmesi durumunda, erkek cemaatin yanında cenaze ile ilgili işlemlere katılmasına cevaz verilmesi gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Ölüm ile Allahın bâkiliğini ve dünya hayatının geçiciliğini tefekküre olanak sağlayan cenaze cemaatinde bulunma hak ve sorumluluğu, gıybet ve muhabbet gibi yakışık almayan davranışlardan kaçınmak şartıyla kadına da tanınması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Kadına dair pek çok hükümde görüldüğü üzere kadının kendisinin illet olarak alınmasının, araştırma ile varılan sonuçlarda da etkili olduğu görülmektedir.

Article Details

The Status of Woman in Funeral Procedures in Islamic Law

Authors:

Vildan Sali Duman

Publisher:

Motif Yayıncılık

Main Topics:

İslam Hukuku

Journal:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 66, pp.165-194

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321181

pISSN:

1301-966X

Islamic Law

Funeral

Woman

Sunna

Traditionİslam Hukuku

Cenaze

Kadın

Sünnet

Örf

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Vildan Sali Duman

Publisher: Motif Yayıncılık

Main Topics: İslam Hukuku

Journal: Dini Araştırmalar Issue 66, pp.165-194

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001321181

pISSN: 1301-966X

Issues

Authors:

Vildan Sali Duman

Publisher:

Motif Yayıncılık

Main Topics:

İslam Hukuku

Journal:

Dini Araştırmalar Issue 66, pp.165-194

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001321181

pISSN:

1301-966X