Supersonic blowdown wind tunnel control using ABC optimized PID controller

Kıymet Nihal Nur Taş; Sultan Dinçsoy; Levent Can; Berna Tuğbay; Hasan Tabanlı; Muhammet Öztürk

Article Details

Supersonic blowdown wind tunnel control using ABC optimized PID controller

Authors:

Kıymet Nihal Nur Taş | Sultan Dinçsoy | Levent Can | Berna Tuğbay | Hasan Tabanlı | Muhammet Öztürk

Publisher:

Selcuk University

Main Topics:

Uçak Performansı ve Uçuş Kontrol Sistemleri

Journal:

International Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.44-55

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353288

pISSN:

2757-6574

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Supersonic blowdown wind tunnels enable the testing of aircraft prototypes in the Mach 1.2 to 5 range, but these tunnels allow very limited test times due to their structure. In addition, once the wind tunnel system starts operating, the pressure in the tank where the air is stored changes constantly. This means that the parameters of the already nonlinear system dynamics are continually changing. To utilize this time effectively, fast-responding, stable and highly efficient controllers are needed. These controllers should be able to provide the required pressure in the settling chamber as fast as possible for the desired flow conditions in the test section. In these types of testbeds, Proportional-Integral-Derivative PID controllers are widely used because of their reliability, simplicity and ease of implementation. PID controllers can also provide fast and stable responses, as they can reduce the error, eliminate the steady-state error, and minimize the overshoot and oscillations. PID controllers only require the measurement of the error and the tuning of the coefficients, which can be performed manually or automatically. For a PID controller it is essential to optimize its coefficients to achieve the best performance and stability. There are different methods to tune a PID controller, such as trial and error, Ziegler-Nichols method, Cohen-Coon method, and optimization algorithms. This study proposes the use of an artificial bee colony in the optimization of PID coefficients used in the control of a supersonic blowdown wind tunnel. Because of complexity, an artificial bee colony is used to optimize PID coefficients with three different objective functions. The optimized coefficients are compared to gradient optimization results, and the best approach is determined.

 Supersonic blowdown wind tunnels enable the testing of aircraft prototypes in the Mach 1.2 to 5 range, but these tunnels allow very limited test times due to their structure. In addition, once the wind tunnel system starts operating, the pressure in the tank where the air is stored changes constantly. This means that the parameters of the already nonlinear system dynamics are continually changing. To utilize this time effectively, fast-responding, stable and highly efficient controllers are needed. These controllers should be able to provide the required pressure in the settling chamber as fast as possible for the desired flow conditions in the test section. In these types of testbeds, Proportional-Integral-Derivative PID controllers are widely used because of their reliability, simplicity and ease of implementation. PID controllers can also provide fast and stable responses, as they can reduce the error, eliminate the steady-state error, and minimize the overshoot and oscillations. PID controllers only require the measurement of the error and the tuning of the coefficients, which can be performed manually or automatically. For a PID controller it is essential to optimize its coefficients to achieve the best performance and stability. There are different methods to tune a PID controller, such as trial and error, Ziegler-Nichols method, Cohen-Coon method, and optimization algorithms. This study proposes the use of an artificial bee colony in the optimization of PID coefficients used in the control of a supersonic blowdown wind tunnel. Because of complexity, an artificial bee colony is used to optimize PID coefficients with three different objective functions. The optimized coefficients are compared to gradient optimization results, and the best approach is determined.

 Supersonic blowdown wind tunnels enable the testing of aircraft prototypes in the Mach 1.2 to 5 range, but these tunnels allow very limited test times due to their structure. In addition, once the wind tunnel system starts operating, the pressure in the tank where the air is stored changes constantly. This means that the parameters of the already nonlinear system dynamics are continually changing. To utilize this time effectively, fast-responding, stable and highly efficient controllers are needed. These controllers should be able to provide the required pressure in the settling chamber as fast as possible for the desired flow conditions in the test section. In these types of testbeds, Proportional-Integral-Derivative PID controllers are widely used because of their reliability, simplicity and ease of implementation. PID controllers can also provide fast and stable responses, as they can reduce the error, eliminate the steady-state error, and minimize the overshoot and oscillations. PID controllers only require the measurement of the error and the tuning of the coefficients, which can be performed manually or automatically. For a PID controller it is essential to optimize its coefficients to achieve the best performance and stability. There are different methods to tune a PID controller, such as trial and error, Ziegler-Nichols method, Cohen-Coon method, and optimization algorithms. This study proposes the use of an artificial bee colony in the optimization of PID coefficients used in the control of a supersonic blowdown wind tunnel. Because of complexity, an artificial bee colony is used to optimize PID coefficients with three different objective functions. The optimized coefficients are compared to gradient optimization results, and the best approach is determined.

 Sesüstü üflemeli rüzgar tünelleri, Mach 1,2 ila 5 aralığında uçak prototiplerinin test edilmesini sağlar, ancak bu tüneller yapıları nedeniyle çok sınırlı test sürelerine izin verir. Ayrıca rüzgar tüneli sisteminin çalışmaya başlamasıyla birlikte havanın depolandığı tankın basıncı sürekli olarak değişmektedir. Bu da zaten doğrusal olmayan sistem dinamiğinin parametrelerinin sürekli olarak değişmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu problemlerle etkin bir şekilde başa çıkabilmek için hızlı tepki veren, kararlı ve yüksek verimli kontrolcülere ihtiyaç vardır. Bu kontrolcüler, test bölümünde istenen akış koşulları için dinlenme odasında gerekli basıncı mümkün olan en hızlı şekilde sağlayabilmelidir. Bu tür test yataklarında güvenilirlikleri, basitlikleri ve uygulama kolaylıkları nedeniyle Orantısal-İntegral-Türevsel PID kontrolcüler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. PID kontrolcüler kararlı durum hatasını ortadan kaldırabilmeleri, aşım ve salınımları en aza indirebilmeleri gibi özellikleri ile hızlı ve kararlı yanıtlar sağlayabilirler. PID kontrolcüleri yalnızca hatanın ölçülmesini ve katsayıların ayarlanmasını gerektirir, bu da manuel veya otomatik olarak yapılabilir. Bir PID kontrolünde en iyi performansı ve kararlılığı elde etmek için katsayılarını optimize etmek çok önemlidir. Katsayıları belirlemek için Ziegler-Nichols yöntemi, Cohen-Coon yöntemi ve optimizasyon algoritmaları gibi farklı yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bir sesüstü üflemeli rüzgar tünelinin kontrolünde kullanılan PID katsayılarının optimizasyonu için yapay arı kolonisi yönteminin kullanılmasını önermektedir. 3 farklı amaç fonksiyonu kullanılarak farklı PID katsayıları elde edilmiştir. Optimize edilen katsayılar gradyan optimizasyon sonuçlarıyla karşılaştırılmış ve en iyi yaklaşım belirlenmiştir.

Article Details

Supersonic blowdown wind tunnel control using ABC optimized PID controller

Authors:

Kıymet Nihal Nur Taş | Sultan Dinçsoy | Levent Can | Berna Tuğbay | Hasan Tabanlı | Muhammet Öztürk

Publisher:

Selcuk University

Main Topics:

Uçak Performansı ve Uçuş Kontrol Sistemleri

Journal:

International Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.44-55

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353288

pISSN:

2757-6574

Artificial bee colony

Optimization

PID

Supersonic blowdown wind tunnelsYapay arı kolonisi

Optimizasyon

PID

Sesüstü üflemeli rüzgar tünelleri

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Kıymet Nihal Nur Taş | Sultan Dinçsoy | Levent Can | Berna Tuğbay | Hasan Tabanlı | Muhammet Öztürk

Publisher: Selcuk University

Main Topics: Uçak Performansı ve Uçuş Kontrol Sistemleri

Journal: International Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.44-55

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353288

pISSN: 2757-6574

Issues

Authors:

Kıymet Nihal Nur Taş | Sultan Dinçsoy | Levent Can | Berna Tuğbay | Hasan Tabanlı | Muhammet Öztürk

Publisher:

Selcuk University

Main Topics:

Uçak Performansı ve Uçuş Kontrol Sistemleri

Journal:

International Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics Vol.6 Issue 1, pp.44-55

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353288

pISSN:

2757-6574