An Evaluation of The Authorization of Notaries to Conclude Immovable Sales Contracts

Şebnem Akipek Öcal; Hayriye Şen Doğramacı; Gözde Çağlayan Aygün

Article Details

An Evaluation of The Authorization of Notaries to Conclude Immovable Sales Contracts

Authors:

Şebnem Akipek Öcal | Hayriye Şen Doğramacı | Gözde Çağlayan Aygün

Publisher:

Anadolu University

Main Topics:

Hukuk

Journal:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.203-241

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296560

pISSN:

2687-394X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In Turkish law, contracts for the sale of real property are valid if executed in official form. The competent authorities to make the transaction official are land registry directorates and notaries, per the amendment made with Law No. 7413 Amending the Law on Judges and Prosecutors and Some Laws. With Article 61A added to Notary Law No. 1512, notaries are authorized to issue contracts for the sale of real property. A contract for the sale of real property issued before a notary is an obligatory transaction and only refers to the execution of the sales contract. Therefore, the transfer of the right of ownership to the other party is realized only by request to register and registration in the land register, which is a dispositive transaction. With the new regulation, the contract for the sale of real property will be recorded in this system by obtaining the journal number from the land registry information system by the notaries. After the contract is registered in the system, it is foreseen that the immovable property will be registered in the land registry by the land registry directorate. This systems functioning is detailed in the provisions of the Regulation on the Procedures and Principles to be Applied to Real Estate Sales Contracts Issued by Notaries. The authority given to the notaries to issue contracts for the sale of real property does not remove the authority of the land registry officers. It should be noted that this authority of notaries is limited to executing sales contracts and does not include other transactions aimed at the transfer of immovable property. The fact that both institutions are authorized to issue the contracts for the sale of real property poses the risk of creating difficulties in practice in ensuring the security of legal transactions targeted in official transactions. Notaries are liable for their actions and therefore for the damage caused by drafting contracts for the sale of real property. Although the nature of this liability is controversial in the doctrine, it is accepted as strict liability. Pursuant to Article 162 of the Notary Law, the notary is liable for material and moral damages caused by unlawful transactions. In case this damage is compensated by the State, the State has the right to recourse to the notary who issued the contract.

 In Turkish law, contracts for the sale of real property are valid if executed in official form. The competent authorities to make the transaction official are land registry directorates and notaries, per the amendment made with Law No. 7413 Amending the Law on Judges and Prosecutors and Some Laws. With Article 61A added to Notary Law No. 1512, notaries are authorized to issue contracts for the sale of real property. A contract for the sale of real property issued before a notary is an obligatory transaction and only refers to the execution of the sales contract. Therefore, the transfer of the right of ownership to the other party is realized only by request to register and registration in the land register, which is a dispositive transaction. With the new regulation, the contract for the sale of real property will be recorded in this system by obtaining the journal number from the land registry information system by the notaries. After the contract is registered in the system, it is foreseen that the immovable property will be registered in the land registry by the land registry directorate. This systems functioning is detailed in the provisions of the Regulation on the Procedures and Principles to be Applied to Real Estate Sales Contracts Issued by Notaries. The authority given to the notaries to issue contracts for the sale of real property does not remove the authority of the land registry officers. It should be noted that this authority of notaries is limited to executing sales contracts and does not include other transactions aimed at the transfer of immovable property. The fact that both institutions are authorized to issue the contracts for the sale of real property poses the risk of creating difficulties in practice in ensuring the security of legal transactions targeted in official transactions. Notaries are liable for their actions and therefore for the damage caused by drafting contracts for the sale of real property. Although the nature of this liability is controversial in the doctrine, it is accepted as strict liability. Pursuant to Article 162 of the Notary Law, the notary is liable for material and moral damages caused by unlawful transactions. In case this damage is compensated by the State, the State has the right to recourse to the notary who issued the contract.

 In Turkish law, contracts for the sale of real property are valid if executed in official form. The competent authorities to make the transaction official are land registry directorates and notaries, per the amendment made with Law No. 7413 Amending the Law on Judges and Prosecutors and Some Laws. With Article 61A added to Notary Law No. 1512, notaries are authorized to issue contracts for the sale of real property. A contract for the sale of real property issued before a notary is an obligatory transaction and only refers to the execution of the sales contract. Therefore, the transfer of the right of ownership to the other party is realized only by request to register and registration in the land register, which is a dispositive transaction. With the new regulation, the contract for the sale of real property will be recorded in this system by obtaining the journal number from the land registry information system by the notaries. After the contract is registered in the system, it is foreseen that the immovable property will be registered in the land registry by the land registry directorate. This systems functioning is detailed in the provisions of the Regulation on the Procedures and Principles to be Applied to Real Estate Sales Contracts Issued by Notaries. The authority given to the notaries to issue contracts for the sale of real property does not remove the authority of the land registry officers. It should be noted that this authority of notaries is limited to executing sales contracts and does not include other transactions aimed at the transfer of immovable property. The fact that both institutions are authorized to issue the contracts for the sale of real property poses the risk of creating difficulties in practice in ensuring the security of legal transactions targeted in official transactions. Notaries are liable for their actions and therefore for the damage caused by drafting contracts for the sale of real property. Although the nature of this liability is controversial in the doctrine, it is accepted as strict liability. Pursuant to Article 162 of the Notary Law, the notary is liable for material and moral damages caused by unlawful transactions. In case this damage is compensated by the State, the State has the right to recourse to the notary who issued the contract.

 Hukukumuzda taşınmaz satış sözleşmesinin geçerliliği resmî şekilde yapılmasına bağlıdır. Bu resmiyeti kazandıracak makam tapu sicil müdürlükleri ve 7413 sayılı Hâkimler ve Savcılar Kanunu ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Kanun ile yapılan değişiklik uyarınca noterlerdir. 1512 sayılı Noterlik Kanununa eklenen 61A maddesi ile noterler taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi düzenlemeye yetkili kılınmıştır. Noterlerin taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi düzenlemesi, bir borçlandırıcı işlem niteliğindedir ve sadece satış sözleşmesinin yapılmasını ifade etmektedir. Dolayısıyla mülkiyet hakkının karşı tarafa devri ancak tasarruf işlemi olan tescil talebi ve tapuya tescil ile gerçekleşmektedir. Getirilen yeni düzenlemeyle taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi, noterlerce tapu bilişim sisteminden yevmiye numarası alınarak bu sisteme kaydedilecektir. Sözleşme, sisteme kaydedildikten sonra tapu müdürlüğünce taşınmazın tapu kütüğüne tescili öngörülmüştür. Noterlere tanınan satış sözleşmesi yapma yetkisinin ayrıntıları, Noterler Tarafından Düzenlenen Taşınmaz Satış Sözleşmelerine Uygulanacak Usul ve Esaslar Hakkında Yönetmelikte düzenlenmiştir. Noterlere verilen taşınmaz satış sözleşmesi yapma yetkisi, tapu sicil memurlarının bu hususta mevcut olan yetkisini ortadan kaldırmamaktadır. Öte yandan noterlerin sahip olduğu bu yetki sadece satış sözleşmesi yapmakla sınırlı olup taşınmaz mülkiyetinin devrini amaçlayan diğer işlemleri içermemektedir. Taşınmaz satış sözleşmesinin düzenlenmesi bakımından her iki kurumun da yetkili kılınmış olması, resmî işlemlerde hedeflenen hukuki işlem güvenliğinin sağlanması bakımından uygulamada güçlükler yaratma riskini beraberinde getirmektedir. Noterlerin yaptığı işlemler sebebiyle hukuki sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır. Noterler, taşınmaz satış sözleşmesinin düzenlenmesinden dolayı oluşan zarardan da sorumludur. Bu sorumluluğun niteliği, doktrinde tartışmalı da olsa, kusursuz sorumluluk olarak kabul edilmektedir. Noterlik Kanununun 162. maddesi uyarınca noter yaptığı hukuka aykırı işlemler nedeniyle vermiş olduğu maddi ve manevi zararlardan sorumludur. Bu zararın Devlet tarafından ödenmesi hâlinde Devletin, sözleşmeyi düzenleyen notere rücu etme hakkı bulunmaktadır.

Article Details

An Evaluation of The Authorization of Notaries to Conclude Immovable Sales Contracts

Authors:

Şebnem Akipek Öcal | Hayriye Şen Doğramacı | Gözde Çağlayan Aygün

Publisher:

Anadolu University

Main Topics:

Hukuk

Journal:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.203-241

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296560

pISSN:

2687-394X

Notary

Notary Law

Land Registry

Contract for the Sale of Immovable Property

LiabilityNoter

Noterlik Kanunu

Taşınmaz Satış Sözleşmesi

Sorumluluk

Tapu Sicili

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Şebnem Akipek Öcal | Hayriye Şen Doğramacı | Gözde Çağlayan Aygün

Publisher: Anadolu University

Main Topics: Hukuk

Journal: Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.203-241

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 7/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001296560

pISSN: 2687-394X

Issues

Authors:

Şebnem Akipek Öcal | Hayriye Şen Doğramacı | Gözde Çağlayan Aygün

Publisher:

Anadolu University

Main Topics:

Hukuk

Journal:

Anadolu Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.9 Issue 2, pp.203-241

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

7/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001296560

pISSN:

2687-394X