AWAKENING OF ASIA AND THE PIONEERS OF THE EAST: AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF NATIONAL MOVEMENTS OF TURKEY AND INDIA

Bahar İzmir

Article Details

AWAKENING OF ASIA AND THE PIONEERS OF THE EAST: AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF NATIONAL MOVEMENTS OF TURKEY AND INDIA

Authors:

Bahar İzmir

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 73, pp.204-218

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301484

pISSN:

1303-5290

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The greatest international outcome of the Turkish Revolution was that it inspired oppressed nations. India is one of the countries where this effect has spread the most. Indias interest in Turkey had increased since the last quarter of the 19th century and was built on the motivation of the Caliphate. With the 20th century developments, the direction of bilateral relations became intertwined in different areas. Namely, from the beginning of the 20th century, during the Tripoli War, the Balkan War and the First World War, India put forth an all-out effort for the continuation of the Ottoman Empire and the Khilafah. Founded in 1920, the Indian Khilafat Movement was the most concrete example of how intertwined the relations were. Indeed, while this movement symbolized material and moral support for the Ottoman Empire, it also marked a milestone for the construction of Muslim-Hindu solidarity for the Indian Independence Movement. In the end, the Turkish Revolution and its fundamental reforms not only served as a model for India, but also as a foundation for the formation of an independent India. In this respect, Indias national movement has similarities with the Turkish national movement, even though it developed in its own unique way. The fact that a country with such a distant geography and a colonial past was so influenced by the Turkish Revolution is worth examining. Accordingly, this article aims to make a comparison and evaluation on the basis of the national movements of Turkey and India, and to analyze how these two countries, the pioneers of the East, were influenced by the Turkish Revolution.

 The greatest international outcome of the Turkish Revolution was that it inspired oppressed nations. India is one of the countries where this effect has spread the most. Indias interest in Turkey had increased since the last quarter of the 19th century and was built on the motivation of the Caliphate. With the 20th century developments, the direction of bilateral relations became intertwined in different areas. Namely, from the beginning of the 20th century, during the Tripoli War, the Balkan War and the First World War, India put forth an all-out effort for the continuation of the Ottoman Empire and the Khilafah. Founded in 1920, the Indian Khilafat Movement was the most concrete example of how intertwined the relations were. Indeed, while this movement symbolized material and moral support for the Ottoman Empire, it also marked a milestone for the construction of Muslim-Hindu solidarity for the Indian Independence Movement. In the end, the Turkish Revolution and its fundamental reforms not only served as a model for India, but also as a foundation for the formation of an independent India. In this respect, Indias national movement has similarities with the Turkish national movement, even though it developed in its own unique way. The fact that a country with such a distant geography and a colonial past was so influenced by the Turkish Revolution is worth examining. Accordingly, this article aims to make a comparison and evaluation on the basis of the national movements of Turkey and India, and to analyze how these two countries, the pioneers of the East, were influenced by the Turkish Revolution.

 The greatest international outcome of the Turkish Revolution was that it inspired oppressed nations. India is one of the countries where this effect has spread the most. Indias interest in Turkey had increased since the last quarter of the 19th century and was built on the motivation of the Caliphate. With the 20th century developments, the direction of bilateral relations became intertwined in different areas. Namely, from the beginning of the 20th century, during the Tripoli War, the Balkan War and the First World War, India put forth an all-out effort for the continuation of the Ottoman Empire and the Khilafah. Founded in 1920, the Indian Khilafat Movement was the most concrete example of how intertwined the relations were. Indeed, while this movement symbolized material and moral support for the Ottoman Empire, it also marked a milestone for the construction of Muslim-Hindu solidarity for the Indian Independence Movement. In the end, the Turkish Revolution and its fundamental reforms not only served as a model for India, but also as a foundation for the formation of an independent India. In this respect, Indias national movement has similarities with the Turkish national movement, even though it developed in its own unique way. The fact that a country with such a distant geography and a colonial past was so influenced by the Turkish Revolution is worth examining. Accordingly, this article aims to make a comparison and evaluation on the basis of the national movements of Turkey and India, and to analyze how these two countries, the pioneers of the East, were influenced by the Turkish Revolution.

 Türk Devriminin uluslararası alandaki en büyük sonucu mazlum milletlere esin kaynağı oluşudur. Bu etkinin en fazla sirayet ettiği ülkelerin başında ise Hindistan gelmektedir. Hindistanın Türkiyeye ilgisi 19. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren artmış, Hilafet motivasyonu üzerine inşa edilmişti. 20. Yüzyıldaki gelişmelerle birlikte ikili ilişkilerin yönü farklı alanlarda da iç içe geçti. Şöyle ki, 20. Yüzyılın başından itibaren Trablusgarp Savaşı, Balkan Savaşı ve Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında, Hindistan, Osmanlı Devletinin ve Hilafetin geleceği için topyekün bir çaba ortaya koydu. 1920 yılında kurulan Hint Hilafet Hareketi ilişkilerin ne denli iç içe geçtiğinin en somut örneğiydi. Nitekim bu hareket Osmanlı Devletine yönelik maddi ve manevi desteği sembolize ederken aynı zamanda Hint Bağımsızlık Hareketi için Müslüman-Hindu dayanışmasının inşası adına bir milat teşkil etti. Neticede, Türk Devrimi ve bu kapsamdaki köklü reformlar Hindistana model olmakla kalmadı, aynı zamanda bağımsız Hindistanın oluşumuna bir temel teşkil etti. Bu bakımdan, Hindistanın ulusal hareketi her ne kadar bütünüyle kendisine has bir şekilde gelişse de Türk ulusal hareketiyle benzerlikler taşımaktadır. Bu denli uzak bir coğrafyada ve sömürge geçmişine sahip bir ülkenin Türk Devriminden bu derece etkilenmiş olması incelenmeye değerdir. Bu doğrultuda, makale Türkiye ve Hindistan ulusal hareketleri temelinde bir değerlendirme yapmayı ve Doğunun öncüsü iki ülkenin modern devlet serüvenini mukayeseli olarak analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Article Details

AWAKENING OF ASIA AND THE PIONEERS OF THE EAST: AN ANALYSIS IN THE LIGHT OF NATIONAL MOVEMENTS OF TURKEY AND INDIA

Authors:

Bahar İzmir

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 73, pp.204-218

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301484

pISSN:

1303-5290

caliphate

India

modern states

turkey

national liberation movementshilafet

modern devlet

hindistan

türkiye

ulusal kurtuluş hareketleri

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Bahar İzmir

Publisher: Ankara University

Main Topics: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal: Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 73, pp.204-218

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 10/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001301484

pISSN: 1303-5290

Issues

Authors:

Bahar İzmir

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 73, pp.204-218

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

10/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001301484

pISSN:

1303-5290