Adsorptive Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Media Using Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon from Palm Seeds

AHMAD MUHAMMAD SANI; Abdulrahim Ibrahim; Abdulrazak A; Alhassan Kabiru Usman; Abdullahi Usman Umar; Kamal Dan'azumi; Nathaniel Zaki Elisha

Article Details

Adsorptive Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Media Using Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon from Palm Seeds

Authors:

AHMAD MUHAMMAD SANI | Abdulrahim Ibrahim | Abdulrazak A | Alhassan Kabiru Usman | Abdullahi Usman Umar | Kamal Dan'azumi | Nathaniel Zaki Elisha

Publisher:

University of Kirkuk

Journal:

Kirkuk Journal of Science Vol.20 Issue 4, pp.1-9

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001932256

pISSN:

3005-4788

Keywords:

Abstract:

 This study demonstrates the efficient removal of tetracycline (96.4%) from aqueous solutions using acrylonitrile-grafted palm seed activated carbon, optimized at pH 10 and lower temperatures (25 °C). Batch experiments revealed that adsorption capacity peaked at 350 mg/L (70% removal) under vigorous agitation (750 rpm), while adsorbent dosage critically influenced performance, with 0.9 g achieving 92.1% removal. Characterization via FTIR, SEM, and XRD confirmed the material’s porous structure (65.54% carbon, 30.52% nitrogen) and graphitic crystallinity, enabling strong π-π interactions. The exothermic process exhibited reduced efficiency at higher temperatures (7% at 45 °C) and larger adsorbent-adsorbate solution volume (20.1% at 150 mL). These results highlight the adsorbent’s cost-effectiveness and sustainability for water treatment, offering a viable alternative to conventional methods. The adsorbent was chemically modified through grafting with acrylonitrile to enhance its surface functionality and adsorption capacity. These findings demonstrate that acrylonitrile-grafted palm seed activated carbon is a promising, eco-friendly, and efficient adsorbent for removing tetracycline from contaminated water, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional treatment technologies.

Article Details

Adsorptive Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Media Using Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon from Palm Seeds

Authors:

AHMAD MUHAMMAD SANI | Abdulrahim Ibrahim | Abdulrazak A | Alhassan Kabiru Usman | Abdullahi Usman Umar | Kamal Dan'azumi | Nathaniel Zaki Elisha

Publisher:

University of Kirkuk

Journal:

Kirkuk Journal of Science Vol.20 Issue 4, pp.1-9

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001932256

pISSN:

3005-4788

Tetracycline removal

Biomass-derived activated carbon

Palm seed adsorbent

Acrylonitrile grafting

Water purification

Issues

Article Details

Adsorptive Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Media Using Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon from Palm Seeds

Authors: AHMAD MUHAMMAD SANI | Abdulrahim Ibrahim | Abdulrazak A | Alhassan Kabiru Usman | Abdullahi Usman Umar | Kamal Dan'azumi | Nathaniel Zaki Elisha

Publisher: University of Kirkuk

Journal: Kirkuk Journal of Science Vol.20 Issue 4, pp.1-9

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001932256

pISSN: 3005-4788

Tetracycline removal

Biomass-derived activated carbon

Palm seed adsorbent

Acrylonitrile grafting

Water purification

Issues

Authors:

AHMAD MUHAMMAD SANI | Abdulrahim Ibrahim | Abdulrazak A | Alhassan Kabiru Usman | Abdullahi Usman Umar | Kamal Dan'azumi | Nathaniel Zaki Elisha

Publisher:

University of Kirkuk

Journal:

Kirkuk Journal of Science Vol.20 Issue 4, pp.1-9

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001932256

pISSN:

3005-4788