Nutritional Supplements and Hormonal Use among Gym Exercisers in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

El-Gamal , Fathi M.; Fatani , AbdulKareem S.; Mubarak , Mohammed M.; Khan , Zain H.; Alardhawy , Sahal A.; Alqahtani , Abdullah M.

doi:10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93968

Article Details

Nutritional Supplements and Hormonal Use among Gym Exercisers in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Authors:

El-Gamal , Fathi M. | Fatani , AbdulKareem S. | Mubarak , Mohammed M. | Khan , Zain H. | Alardhawy , Sahal A. | Alqahtani , Abdullah M.

Publisher:

medi+WORLD International

Main Topics:

Medicine

Journal:

World Family Medicine Journal: Incorporating the Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 2021 Vol.19 Issue 1, pp.183-192

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2021

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

234369

Frequency:

Monthly

eISSN:

18390196

pISSN:

18390188

DOI:

10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93968

Descriptors:

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Background: There is a recent increase in popularity and demands of nutritional supplements and hormonal use among men and women gym exercisers; and their accompanying adverse effects are evident in the literature.Objectives: To study the pattern and determinants of use of nutritional supplements among recreational gym exercisers in Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study which was conducted online using Google form. It was a non-probability convenient sample of 260 gym exercisers. Data was collected using a questionnaire which provided information on the socio-demographic characteristics, aspects of sport practiced, intake of nutritional supplements, as well as on the awareness of the side effects of hormones use. SPSS version 23 was used; Chi square, and Multi-nominal logistic regression tests of significance, were used; and the Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated. The level of significance was 0.05.Results: Nutritional supplements were used by 59.1% of the Gym exercisers. About 82% got them without advice from health care personnel; coaches were counselled on the type of nutritional supplement in 20% of the cases. They were used mainly to build muscles (52.6%), improve performance (22.2%), or to reduce weight (16.3%). Carbohydrate rich diet, weight gain supplements and fat burning supplements were the most frequently used types. Older age group exercisers were significantly more likely to use nutritional supplements (B= - 0.058). The males were 2.99 times more likely to consume nutritional supplements compared to the females (OR= 2.985; 95% CI 1.575, 5.660). The smokers were 3.541 times more likely to consume nutritional supplements compared to the nonsmokers (OR= 3.541; 95% CI 1.713, 7.313). The subjects with total period of training of more than 12 months, were significantly more likely to consume nutritional supplements compared to those with total period of 1 – 6 months (OR= 0.413; 95% CI 0.202, 0.845, p < 0.016), or of 7-12 months (OR= 0.308; 95% CI 0.126, 0.775, p < 0.016). The subjects with total period of training per day of more than 2 hours, were significantly more likely to consume nutritional supplements compared to those with total period of less than 1 hour per day (OR= 0.045; 95% CI 0.004, 0.845, p < 0.570, p < 0.017), and of 1 - 2 hours per day (OR= 0.083; 95% CI 0.007, 0.997, p < 0.050).Conclusion: Use of nutritional supplements is common among the exercisers in Saudi Arabia, but mainly without medical supervision. Health education programs are needed to educate the exercisers on the potential harmful effects of supplements, if taken without medical advice and supervision. Educating gym employees may have a positive influence on the use of supplements and hormones.

Article Details

Nutritional Supplements and Hormonal Use among Gym Exercisers in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Authors:

El-Gamal , Fathi M. | Fatani , AbdulKareem S. | Mubarak , Mohammed M. | Khan , Zain H. | Alardhawy , Sahal A. | Alqahtani , Abdullah M.

Publisher:

medi+WORLD International

Main Topics:

Medicine

Journal:

World Family Medicine Journal: Incorporating the Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 2021 Vol.19 Issue 1, pp.183-192

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2021

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

234369

Frequency:

Monthly

eISSN:

18390196

pISSN:

18390188

DOI:

10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93968

Descriptors:

FEED SUPPLEMENTS

EXERCISES

HORMONES

SAUDI ARABIA

Nutritional Supplements

Saudi Arabia

Gym Exercisers

Issues

Article Details

Authors: El-Gamal , Fathi M. | Fatani , AbdulKareem S. | Mubarak , Mohammed M. | Khan , Zain H. | Alardhawy , Sahal A. | Alqahtani , Abdullah M.

Publisher: medi+WORLD International

Main Topics: Medicine

Journal: World Family Medicine Journal: Incorporating the Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 2021 Vol.19 Issue 1, pp.183-192

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2021

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 234369

Frequency: Monthly

eISSN: 18390196

pISSN: 18390188

DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93968

Descriptors:

Issues

Authors:

El-Gamal , Fathi M. | Fatani , AbdulKareem S. | Mubarak , Mohammed M. | Khan , Zain H. | Alardhawy , Sahal A. | Alqahtani , Abdullah M.

Publisher:

medi+WORLD International

Main Topics:

Medicine

Journal:

World Family Medicine Journal: Incorporating the Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 2021 Vol.19 Issue 1, pp.183-192

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2021

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

234369

Frequency:

Monthly

eISSN:

18390196

pISSN:

18390188

DOI:

10.5742/MEWFM.2021.93968