From Antiquity to Artificial Intelligence: Mind and Cognition Studies from the Perspective of Psychology

Gün Pakyürek

Article Details

From Antiquity to Artificial Intelligence: Mind and Cognition Studies from the Perspective of Psychology

Authors:

Gün Pakyürek

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Biliş

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.20-33

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342691

pISSN:

2147-1185

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Among the subjects of psychology, the mind has been tried to be understood since the pre-scientific period. With Wundts establishment of the first psychology laboratory, human behaviors were investigated with scientific methods, and the psychology journey began with these studies. Schools such as structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism came to the fore according to the conditions of the period and cognitive studies have gained importance, especially with the development of technology in the recent period. Although most researchers state that behaviorism lost power with the cognitive revolution, it is also suggested that behaviorism transformed and continued its existence in parallel with the cognitive revolution. Behavioral psychologists such as Tolman and Hull were among the researchers who referred to the mind and provided the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Today, cognitive psychology studies have become dominant as one of the strongest sub-fields of experimental psychology. However, detailed experimental methods conducted during behaviorism continue to be used in cognitive studies. In this context, experimental psychology continues as the umbrella concept of many fields such as psychophysics, perception, attention, memory, thinking, decision-making, intelligence, development, social psychology, environmental psychology, and motivation. It has undergone significant changes since its inception, shifting from basic sensory and perception experiments to complex studies of cognitive, emotional, and social processes. With the pandemic period, online research has also increased outside of the laboratory environment. Especially during and after the pandemic period, a wide range of psychology studies continue to be conducted, from protecting human psychological health to understanding the mind in artificial intelligence research.

 Among the subjects of psychology, the mind has been tried to be understood since the pre-scientific period. With Wundts establishment of the first psychology laboratory, human behaviors were investigated with scientific methods, and the psychology journey began with these studies. Schools such as structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism came to the fore according to the conditions of the period and cognitive studies have gained importance, especially with the development of technology in the recent period. Although most researchers state that behaviorism lost power with the cognitive revolution, it is also suggested that behaviorism transformed and continued its existence in parallel with the cognitive revolution. Behavioral psychologists such as Tolman and Hull were among the researchers who referred to the mind and provided the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Today, cognitive psychology studies have become dominant as one of the strongest sub-fields of experimental psychology. However, detailed experimental methods conducted during behaviorism continue to be used in cognitive studies. In this context, experimental psychology continues as the umbrella concept of many fields such as psychophysics, perception, attention, memory, thinking, decision-making, intelligence, development, social psychology, environmental psychology, and motivation. It has undergone significant changes since its inception, shifting from basic sensory and perception experiments to complex studies of cognitive, emotional, and social processes. With the pandemic period, online research has also increased outside of the laboratory environment. Especially during and after the pandemic period, a wide range of psychology studies continue to be conducted, from protecting human psychological health to understanding the mind in artificial intelligence research.

 Among the subjects of psychology, the mind has been tried to be understood since the pre-scientific period. With Wundts establishment of the first psychology laboratory, human behaviors were investigated with scientific methods, and the psychology journey began with these studies. Schools such as structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism came to the fore according to the conditions of the period and cognitive studies have gained importance, especially with the development of technology in the recent period. Although most researchers state that behaviorism lost power with the cognitive revolution, it is also suggested that behaviorism transformed and continued its existence in parallel with the cognitive revolution. Behavioral psychologists such as Tolman and Hull were among the researchers who referred to the mind and provided the transition between behaviorism and cognitive psychology. Today, cognitive psychology studies have become dominant as one of the strongest sub-fields of experimental psychology. However, detailed experimental methods conducted during behaviorism continue to be used in cognitive studies. In this context, experimental psychology continues as the umbrella concept of many fields such as psychophysics, perception, attention, memory, thinking, decision-making, intelligence, development, social psychology, environmental psychology, and motivation. It has undergone significant changes since its inception, shifting from basic sensory and perception experiments to complex studies of cognitive, emotional, and social processes. With the pandemic period, online research has also increased outside of the laboratory environment. Especially during and after the pandemic period, a wide range of psychology studies continue to be conducted, from protecting human psychological health to understanding the mind in artificial intelligence research.

 Psikoloji konuları arasında yer alan zihin bilim öncesi dönemden beri anlaşılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Wundtun ilk psikoloji laboratuvarını kurmasıyla beraber insan davranışları bilimsel yöntemle araştırılmış ve psikolojinin yolculuğu da bu çalışmalarla başlamıştır. Yapısalcılık, işlevselcilik ve davranışçılık gibi ekoller dönemin koşullarına göre ön plana çıkmış ve son dönemde özellikle teknolojinin gelişimiyle beraber bilişsel çalışmalar ağırlık kazanmıştır. Çoğu araştırmacı bilişsel devrimle beraber davranışçılığın güç kaybettiğini belirtse de davranışçılığın dönüşerek bilişsel devrimle beraber paralel olarak varlığını sürdürdüğü de öne sürülmektedir. Tolman ve Hull gibi davranışçı psikologlar zihinsel süreçlere atıfta bulunup davranışçılıkla bilişsel psikoloji arasında geçişi sağlayan araştırmacılardan olmuşlardır. Günümüzde bilişsel psikoloji araştırmaları deneysel psikolojinin en güçlü alt alanlarından biri olarak baskın hale gelmiştir. Ancak davranışçılık döneminde yapılan detaylı deneysel yöntemler bilişsel çalışmalarda kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda deneysel psikoloji psikofizik, algı, dikkat, bellek, düşünme, karar verme, zekâ, gelişim, sosyal psikoloji, çevre psikolojisi, motivasyon gibi birçok alanın çatı kavramı olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. Psikoloji çalışmaları, başlangıcından bu yana önemli ölçüde değişim geçirerek temel duyusal ve algı deneylerinden bilişsel, duygusal ve sosyal süreçlerin karmaşık araştırmalarına geçiş yapmıştır. Pandemi dönemiyle beraber laboratuvar ortamı dışında çevrimiçi araştırmalar da artış göstermiştir. Özellikle pandemi dönemi ve sonrasında insanın psikolojik sağlığının korunmasından yapay zekâ araştırmalarında zihnin anlaşılmasına kadar geniş bir yelpazede psikoloji çalışmaları yapılmaya devam etmektedir.

Article Details

From Antiquity to Artificial Intelligence: Mind and Cognition Studies from the Perspective of Psychology

Authors:

Gün Pakyürek

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Biliş

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.20-33

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342691

pISSN:

2147-1185

Psychology

Artificial Intelligence

Experimental Methods

Cognitive Revolution

MindPsikoloji

Yapay Zekâ

Deneysel Yöntemler

Bilişsel Devrim

Zihin

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Gün Pakyürek

Publisher: Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics: Biliş

Journal: İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.20-33

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 3/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001342691

pISSN: 2147-1185

Issues

Authors:

Gün Pakyürek

Publisher:

Mustafa Süleyman ÖZCAN

Main Topics:

Biliş

Journal:

İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.14 Issue 1, pp.20-33

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001342691

pISSN:

2147-1185