Administrative Structure of the Artvin Region from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic

Muammer Demirel

Article Details

Administrative Structure of the Artvin Region from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic

Authors:

Muammer Demirel

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Journal:

Turcology Research Issue 82, pp.56-70

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340269

pISSN:

2822-2725

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The first conquest of the Artvin region, which was under the rule of the Georgian kingdoms, began on the Black Sea coast. During the governorship of Prince Selim in Trabzon, it was taken as far as Batum. The Çoruh basin began to be conquered during the Second Iranian Campaign of Suleiman the Magnificent. In 1549, Tortum, Nihah, Pertekrek castles were conquered, and the Ottoman forces, continuing their advance, conquered Livane and then Ardanuç, İmerhev and Şavşat in 1550. These newly conquered places were made into sanjaks and the Erzurum Beylerbeylik was started. In the beginning, local Christian Beys were appointed to the sanjak beys. After a short while, these beys became Muslims. Some of these sanjaks were given as yurtluk and ocaklık. When the Ahıska region was conquered in 1578 and Çıldır Province was established, the Pertekrek, Livane-i Ulya, Nisf-i Livane, Ardanuç, and Şavşat districts in the Artvin region were attached to this province. In the 1828-1829 Ottoman-Russian War, Ahıska, the center of Çıldır Province, was occupied by Russia. After the occupation of Ahıska, Çıldır Province continued to exist for a while, but was later abolished and attached to the Erzurum provinces. When Hopa, located on the coastal part of the Artvin region, was made a new district, Trabzon Province was attached to Batum district. At the same time, Livane, Ardanuç, Şavşat, and Kiskim Pertekrek districts were also converted into district administrative structures. With the Berlin agreements signed at the end of the 93 War, Elviye-i Selasa Kars, Ardahan, and Batum districts were ceded to Russia as war compensation. Livane, Ardanuç and Şavşat districts from the Artvin region within these districts were also left to Russia. During the War of Independence, Livane Artvin, Hopa, Ardanuç and Şavşat were annexed to the Motherland in 1921. Artvin Province was established in 1924 and Yusufeli district was also connected to Artvin Province along with these liberated places. Later, the name of Artvin Province was Çoruh and its center was moved to Rize, but in 1936 it was moved back to Artvin and in 1956 it was renamed Artvin Province again.

 The first conquest of the Artvin region, which was under the rule of the Georgian kingdoms, began on the Black Sea coast. During the governorship of Prince Selim in Trabzon, it was taken as far as Batum. The Çoruh basin began to be conquered during the Second Iranian Campaign of Suleiman the Magnificent. In 1549, Tortum, Nihah, Pertekrek castles were conquered, and the Ottoman forces, continuing their advance, conquered Livane and then Ardanuç, İmerhev and Şavşat in 1550. These newly conquered places were made into sanjaks and the Erzurum Beylerbeylik was started. In the beginning, local Christian Beys were appointed to the sanjak beys. After a short while, these beys became Muslims. Some of these sanjaks were given as yurtluk and ocaklık. When the Ahıska region was conquered in 1578 and Çıldır Province was established, the Pertekrek, Livane-i Ulya, Nisf-i Livane, Ardanuç, and Şavşat districts in the Artvin region were attached to this province. In the 1828-1829 Ottoman-Russian War, Ahıska, the center of Çıldır Province, was occupied by Russia. After the occupation of Ahıska, Çıldır Province continued to exist for a while, but was later abolished and attached to the Erzurum provinces. When Hopa, located on the coastal part of the Artvin region, was made a new district, Trabzon Province was attached to Batum district. At the same time, Livane, Ardanuç, Şavşat, and Kiskim Pertekrek districts were also converted into district administrative structures. With the Berlin agreements signed at the end of the 93 War, Elviye-i Selasa Kars, Ardahan, and Batum districts were ceded to Russia as war compensation. Livane, Ardanuç and Şavşat districts from the Artvin region within these districts were also left to Russia. During the War of Independence, Livane Artvin, Hopa, Ardanuç and Şavşat were annexed to the Motherland in 1921. Artvin Province was established in 1924 and Yusufeli district was also connected to Artvin Province along with these liberated places. Later, the name of Artvin Province was Çoruh and its center was moved to Rize, but in 1936 it was moved back to Artvin and in 1956 it was renamed Artvin Province again.

 The first conquest of the Artvin region, which was under the rule of the Georgian kingdoms, began on the Black Sea coast. During the governorship of Prince Selim in Trabzon, it was taken as far as Batum. The Çoruh basin began to be conquered during the Second Iranian Campaign of Suleiman the Magnificent. In 1549, Tortum, Nihah, Pertekrek castles were conquered, and the Ottoman forces, continuing their advance, conquered Livane and then Ardanuç, İmerhev and Şavşat in 1550. These newly conquered places were made into sanjaks and the Erzurum Beylerbeylik was started. In the beginning, local Christian Beys were appointed to the sanjak beys. After a short while, these beys became Muslims. Some of these sanjaks were given as yurtluk and ocaklık. When the Ahıska region was conquered in 1578 and Çıldır Province was established, the Pertekrek, Livane-i Ulya, Nisf-i Livane, Ardanuç, and Şavşat districts in the Artvin region were attached to this province. In the 1828-1829 Ottoman-Russian War, Ahıska, the center of Çıldır Province, was occupied by Russia. After the occupation of Ahıska, Çıldır Province continued to exist for a while, but was later abolished and attached to the Erzurum provinces. When Hopa, located on the coastal part of the Artvin region, was made a new district, Trabzon Province was attached to Batum district. At the same time, Livane, Ardanuç, Şavşat, and Kiskim Pertekrek districts were also converted into district administrative structures. With the Berlin agreements signed at the end of the 93 War, Elviye-i Selasa Kars, Ardahan, and Batum districts were ceded to Russia as war compensation. Livane, Ardanuç and Şavşat districts from the Artvin region within these districts were also left to Russia. During the War of Independence, Livane Artvin, Hopa, Ardanuç and Şavşat were annexed to the Motherland in 1921. Artvin Province was established in 1924 and Yusufeli district was also connected to Artvin Province along with these liberated places. Later, the name of Artvin Province was Çoruh and its center was moved to Rize, but in 1936 it was moved back to Artvin and in 1956 it was renamed Artvin Province again.

 Gürcü krallıkları yönetiminde olan Artvin bölgesinin ilk fethi Karadeniz sahilinden başlandı. Şehzade Selimin Trabzon valiliği sırasında Batuma kadar alındı. Çoruh havzası ise Kanunî Sultan Süleymanın İkinci İran Seferi sırasında fethedilmeye başlandı. 1549 yılında Tortum, Nihah, Pertekrek kaleleri fethedildi, ileri harekete devam eden Osmanlı kuvvetleri 1550 yılından Livane ve devamında Ardanuç, İmerhev ve Şavşat fethetti. Yeni fethedilen bu yerler sancak yapılarak Erzurum Beylerbeyliğine başlandı. Başlangıçta sancak beyliklerine yerli Hıristiyan Beyler tayin edildi. Kısa bir zaman sonra bu beyler Müslüman oldu. Bu sancakların bir kısmı yurtluk ve ocaklık olarak verildi. Ahıska bölgesi 1578 yılında fethedilip Çıldır Eyaleti kurulunca Artvin bölgesindeki Pertekrek, Livane-i Ulya, Nisf-i Livane, Ardanuç, Şavşat sancakları bu eyalete bağlandı. 1828-1829 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşında Çıldır Eyaletinin merkezi olan Ahıska Rusya tarafından işgal edilmiş, Ahıskanın işgalinden sonra bir müddet daha Çıldır Eyaleti varlığını sürdürdü ise de daha sonra lağvedilerek bağlı Erzurum vilayetlerine bağlandı. Artvin bölgesinin sahil kesiminde yer olan Hopa yeni kaza yapıldığında Trabzon Vilayeti Batum sancağına bağlandı. Aynı tarihlerde Livane, Ardanuç, Şavşat, Kiskim Pertekrek sancakları da kaza idari yapısına dönüştürüldü. 93 Harbi sonunda imzalanan Berlin anlaşmaları ile Elviye-i Selasa Kars, Ardahan, Batum sancakları savaş tazminatı olarak Rusyaya terk edildi. Bu sancakların içinde kalan Artvin bölgesinden Livane, Ardanuç ve Şavşat kazları da Rusyaya bırakıldı. Millî Mücadele sırasında 1921 yılından Livane Artvin, Hopa, Ardanuç ve Şavşat Anavatana katıldı. 1924 yılında Artvin Vilayeti kuruldu ve bu kurtarılan yerlerle birlikte Yusufeli kazası da Artvin Vilayetine bağlandı. Daha sonra Artvin Vilayetinin ismi Çoruh olup merkezi Rizeye taşındı ise de 1936 yılından tekrar Artvine taşındı ve 1956 yılında yeniden Artvin Vilayeti ismini aldı.

Article Details

Administrative Structure of the Artvin Region from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic

Authors:

Muammer Demirel

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Journal:

Turcology Research Issue 82, pp.56-70

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340269

pISSN:

2822-2725

Artvin

Administrative structure

Ottoman

Republic of TurkeyArtvin

İdari yapı

Osmanlı

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Muammer Demirel

Publisher: Ataturk University

Main Topics: Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Journal: Turcology Research Issue 82, pp.56-70

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001340269

pISSN: 2822-2725

Issues

Authors:

Muammer Demirel

Publisher:

Ataturk University

Main Topics:

Yeniçağ Osmanlı Tarihi

Journal:

Turcology Research Issue 82, pp.56-70

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001340269

pISSN:

2822-2725