Investigation of Physical, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Blast Furnace Dust Reinforced Bronze Matrix Composite Brake Pads

Hüsamettin Kuş; İlker Sugözü; Adem Avcu

Article Details

Investigation of Physical, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Blast Furnace Dust Reinforced Bronze Matrix Composite Brake Pads

Authors:

Hüsamettin Kuş | İlker Sugözü | Adem Avcu

Publisher:

Gazi University

Main Topics:

Toz Metalurjisi

Journal:

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.827-848

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353676

pISSN:

2147-9526

Keywords:

Abstract:

 This research aims to investigate the usability of Blast Furnace Dust BFD, an industrial waste material, as a reinforcing element in metal matrix composite brake pads and the effects of BFD reinforcement on the brake pads tribological, physical, and mechanical properties. For this purpose, the initial step produced a bronze matrix composite brake pad sample, designated as the reference sample, using the hot pressing method. In the second stage, four different new bronze matrix brake pad samples were produced by reinforcing the reference bronze matrix brake pad sample with various BFD contents 2, 4, 6, and 8 by weight. Density, hardness, transverse rupture strength TRS, average friction coefficient, friction coefficient stability, and specific wear rate values of produced samples were determined. Microstructure and wear surfaces of produced samples were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDX. The obtained results demonstrated that the density of the produced samples decreased depending on the increase in the BFD reinforcement ratio by weight, whereas the hardness increased. An increased trend was observed in the average friction coefficient values of the samples up to 6 BFD reinforcement ratio, and the maximum average friction coefficient value was determined as 0.475 at this reinforcement ratio. In addition, it was determined that the brake pad sample with 8 BFD reinforcement showed a specific wear value approximately 53.31 lower than the reference sample. When the obtained data were evaluated, it was seen that the increasing BFD reinforcement ratio contributed positively to the wear resistance development of the brake pad samples. This study showed that BFD, which occurs as an industrial by-product, can be used as a low-cost alternative instead of synthetic materials in brake pad production without compromising the brake performance quality.

 This research aims to investigate the usability of Blast Furnace Dust BFD, an industrial waste material, as a reinforcing element in metal matrix composite brake pads and the effects of BFD reinforcement on the brake pads tribological, physical, and mechanical properties. For this purpose, the initial step produced a bronze matrix composite brake pad sample, designated as the reference sample, using the hot pressing method. In the second stage, four different new bronze matrix brake pad samples were produced by reinforcing the reference bronze matrix brake pad sample with various BFD contents 2, 4, 6, and 8 by weight. Density, hardness, transverse rupture strength TRS, average friction coefficient, friction coefficient stability, and specific wear rate values of produced samples were determined. Microstructure and wear surfaces of produced samples were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDX. The obtained results demonstrated that the density of the produced samples decreased depending on the increase in the BFD reinforcement ratio by weight, whereas the hardness increased. An increased trend was observed in the average friction coefficient values of the samples up to 6 BFD reinforcement ratio, and the maximum average friction coefficient value was determined as 0.475 at this reinforcement ratio. In addition, it was determined that the brake pad sample with 8 BFD reinforcement showed a specific wear value approximately 53.31 lower than the reference sample. When the obtained data were evaluated, it was seen that the increasing BFD reinforcement ratio contributed positively to the wear resistance development of the brake pad samples. This study showed that BFD, which occurs as an industrial by-product, can be used as a low-cost alternative instead of synthetic materials in brake pad production without compromising the brake performance quality.

 This research aims to investigate the usability of Blast Furnace Dust BFD, an industrial waste material, as a reinforcing element in metal matrix composite brake pads and the effects of BFD reinforcement on the brake pads tribological, physical, and mechanical properties. For this purpose, the initial step produced a bronze matrix composite brake pad sample, designated as the reference sample, using the hot pressing method. In the second stage, four different new bronze matrix brake pad samples were produced by reinforcing the reference bronze matrix brake pad sample with various BFD contents 2, 4, 6, and 8 by weight. Density, hardness, transverse rupture strength TRS, average friction coefficient, friction coefficient stability, and specific wear rate values of produced samples were determined. Microstructure and wear surfaces of produced samples were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope SEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDX. The obtained results demonstrated that the density of the produced samples decreased depending on the increase in the BFD reinforcement ratio by weight, whereas the hardness increased. An increased trend was observed in the average friction coefficient values of the samples up to 6 BFD reinforcement ratio, and the maximum average friction coefficient value was determined as 0.475 at this reinforcement ratio. In addition, it was determined that the brake pad sample with 8 BFD reinforcement showed a specific wear value approximately 53.31 lower than the reference sample. When the obtained data were evaluated, it was seen that the increasing BFD reinforcement ratio contributed positively to the wear resistance development of the brake pad samples. This study showed that BFD, which occurs as an industrial by-product, can be used as a low-cost alternative instead of synthetic materials in brake pad production without compromising the brake performance quality.

 Bu çalışma, endüstriyel atık bir malzeme olan yüksek fırın baca tozunun BFD metal matrisli kompozit fren balatalarında takviye elemanı olarak kullanılabilirliğini ve BFD takviyesinin fren balatasının tribolojik, fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri üzerine etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ilk aşamada sıcak presleme yöntemi kullanılarak referans numune olarak adlandırılan bronz matrisli kompozit fren balata numunesi üretildi. İkinci aşamada, referans bronz matrisli fren balata numunesi ağırlıkça farklı oranlarda BFD ile 2, 4, 6 ve 8 takviye edilerek dört farklı yeni bronz matrisli fren balata numuneleri üretilmiştir. Üretilen bu numunelerinin yoğunluk, sertlik, çapraz kırılma dayanımı TRS, ortalama sürtünme katsayısı, sürtünme katsayı kararlılığı ve özgül aşınma oranı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Üretilen numunelerin mikro yapısı ve aşınma yüzeyleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu SEM ve enerji dağılımlı X-ışını spektroskopisi EDX kullanılarak karakterize edildi. Elde edilen sonuçlar, fren balata numunesindeki ağırlıkça BFD takviye oranı artışına bağlı olarak üretilen numunelerin yoğunluğunun azaldığını, buna karşın sertliğinin arttığını göstermiştir. Üretilen numunelerin ortalama sürtünme katsayı değerlerinde 6 BFD takviye oranına kadar artma eğilimi görülmüş ve bu takviye oranında 0.475 ile maksimum ortalama sürtünme katsayı değeri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, referans numuneye göre 8 BFD takviyeli fren balata numunesinin yaklaşık 53.31 oranında daha düşük bir özgül aşınma değeri gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde, artan BFD takviye oranının fren balata numunelerinin aşınma direncinin gelişmesinde olumlu yönde katkı sağladığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, endüstriyel bir yan ürün olarak ortaya çıkan BFDnin fren balata üretiminde fren performans kalitesinden ödün vermeden sentetik malzemeler yerine düşük maliyetli bir alternatif olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Article Details

Investigation of Physical, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Blast Furnace Dust Reinforced Bronze Matrix Composite Brake Pads

Authors:

Hüsamettin Kuş | İlker Sugözü | Adem Avcu

Publisher:

Gazi University

Main Topics:

Toz Metalurjisi

Journal:

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.827-848

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353676

pISSN:

2147-9526

Metal matrix composite brake pad

Industrial waste

Blast furnace dust

Braking performanceMetal matrisli kompozit fren balatası

Endüstriyel atık

Yüksek fırın baca tozu

Fren performansı

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Hüsamettin Kuş | İlker Sugözü | Adem Avcu

Publisher: Gazi University

Main Topics: Toz Metalurjisi

Journal: Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.827-848

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 9/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001353676

pISSN: 2147-9526

Issues

Authors:

Hüsamettin Kuş | İlker Sugözü | Adem Avcu

Publisher:

Gazi University

Main Topics:

Toz Metalurjisi

Journal:

Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Part C: Tasarım ve Teknoloji Vol.13 Issue 3, pp.827-848

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

9/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001353676

pISSN:

2147-9526