The Effect of Discontent Index and Human Development Index on Economic Growth in E7 Countries

Gül Öksüz; Mustafa Çayır

Article Details

The Effect of Discontent Index and Human Development Index on Economic Growth in E7 Countries

Authors:

Gül Öksüz | Mustafa Çayır

Publisher:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Main Topics:

Büyüme

Journal:

Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 2, pp.675-696

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352430

pISSN:

2147-9208

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The aim of this study is to reveal the long-run effects of the relationship between GDP per worker, human development index, discontent index, capital percentage and labour force participation rate in E7 countries, including Turkey, which have recently become important in termsof their economicsize and are defined as emerging countries. The discontent index used in the study consists of the sum of inflation and unemployment rates, which was introduced by Arthur Okun and is accepted as a stagflation indicator. In line with the aim of the study, panel ARDL analysis was conducted using annual data for the period 1993-2022 to examine the relationship between GDP per employee and other variables. As a result of the findings, it was concluded that there is a long-run relationship between variables in E7 countries. In the long run, increases in the variables were found to increase GDP per employee. Except for Indonesia, the error correction coefficient of other countries is both negative and statistically significant.In other countries, it is concluded that the error correction coefficient of a shock that may occur in the short run will return to the equilibrium level in the next period.

 The aim of this study is to reveal the long-run effects of the relationship between GDP per worker, human development index, discontent index, capital percentage and labour force participation rate in E7 countries, including Turkey, which have recently become important in termsof their economicsize and are defined as emerging countries. The discontent index used in the study consists of the sum of inflation and unemployment rates, which was introduced by Arthur Okun and is accepted as a stagflation indicator. In line with the aim of the study, panel ARDL analysis was conducted using annual data for the period 1993-2022 to examine the relationship between GDP per employee and other variables. As a result of the findings, it was concluded that there is a long-run relationship between variables in E7 countries. In the long run, increases in the variables were found to increase GDP per employee. Except for Indonesia, the error correction coefficient of other countries is both negative and statistically significant.In other countries, it is concluded that the error correction coefficient of a shock that may occur in the short run will return to the equilibrium level in the next period.

 The aim of this study is to reveal the long-run effects of the relationship between GDP per worker, human development index, discontent index, capital percentage and labour force participation rate in E7 countries, including Turkey, which have recently become important in termsof their economicsize and are defined as emerging countries. The discontent index used in the study consists of the sum of inflation and unemployment rates, which was introduced by Arthur Okun and is accepted as a stagflation indicator. In line with the aim of the study, panel ARDL analysis was conducted using annual data for the period 1993-2022 to examine the relationship between GDP per employee and other variables. As a result of the findings, it was concluded that there is a long-run relationship between variables in E7 countries. In the long run, increases in the variables were found to increase GDP per employee. Except for Indonesia, the error correction coefficient of other countries is both negative and statistically significant.In other countries, it is concluded that the error correction coefficient of a shock that may occur in the short run will return to the equilibrium level in the next period.

 Bu çalışmanın amacı son zamanlarda ekonomik büyüklükleri açısından önem arz eden ve emerging countries olarak tanımlanan aralarında Türkiyenin de yer aldığı E7 ülkelerindeki çalışan başına düşen GSYİH ile insani gelişme endeksi, hoşnutsuzluk endeksi, sermaye yüzdesi ve işgücüne katılım oranı arasındaki ilişkinin uzun dönemli etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada kullanılan hoşnutsuzluk endeksi Arthur Okunun ortaya koyduğu ve stagflasyon simgesi olarak kabul gören endeks enflasyon ve işsizlik oranlarının toplamlarından oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda çalışmada çalışan başına düşen GSYİH ve diğer değişkenler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi için 1993-2022 dönemlerindeki yıllık veriler kullanılarak panel ARDL analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular neticesinde E7 ülkelerinde değişkenler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Uzun dönemde değişkenlerdeki artışların çalışan başına GSYİHyı artırdığı görülmüştür. Endonezya hariç diğer ülkelerin hata düzeltme katsayısı hem negatif hem de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Diğer ülkelerde kısa dönemde oluşabilecek bir şokun hata düzeltme katsayısı kadarki kısmının bir sonraki dönemde denge düzeyine döneceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Article Details

The Effect of Discontent Index and Human Development Index on Economic Growth in E7 Countries

Authors:

Gül Öksüz | Mustafa Çayır

Publisher:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Main Topics:

Büyüme

Journal:

Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 2, pp.675-696

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352430

pISSN:

2147-9208

Growth

human development index

discontent index

capital

labour forceBüyüme

insani gelişim endeksi

hoşnutsuzluk endeksi

sermaye

işgücü

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Gül Öksüz | Mustafa Çayır

Publisher: Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Main Topics: Büyüme

Journal: Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 2, pp.675-696

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001352430

pISSN: 2147-9208

Issues

Authors:

Gül Öksüz | Mustafa Çayır

Publisher:

Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University

Main Topics:

Büyüme

Journal:

Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi Vol.21 Issue 2, pp.675-696

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001352430

pISSN:

2147-9208