Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction optimization of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra leaf extracts for cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity

Halil Koyu

Article Details

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction optimization of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra leaf extracts for cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity

Authors:

Halil Koyu

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmaceutical Botany

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.458-469

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346200

pISSN:

2630-6344

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Supercritical carbondioxide extraction has been an advanced system as the regulation of extraction parameters enables the control of the solvating power, resulting in a more selective process. While the efficient use of natural resources is critical for sustainability goals, the discovery of feasible plant sources for medicinal purposes is a valuable research objective. In this study, supercritical carbondioxide extraction of red cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra was investigated using response surface methodology. A statistical design was used for the evaluation of the effect of extraction parameters as temperature 40, 60, 80C, pressure 120, 160, 200 bar and co-solvent ratio 0, 6, 12. Spectrophotometric and UPLC-DAD, ESI-MSMS analysis were performed to investigate total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and dominant anthocyanin contents. The optimization models were determined as significant for all bioactive content analysis and enzyme inhibitory activities. 40C, 160 bar, 12 co-solvent conditions were determined with highest total flavonoid content 47.11 mg QEg. None of the supercritical carbondioxide extracts were able to extract red cabbage anthocyanins within the investigated parameter ranges. 60C, 120 bar, 12 co-solvent extract showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity IC50: 1.71 mgml. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was found to be comparable to that of solvent extracts considering the tested concentrations. Optimum supercritical carbondioxide extract can be considered as a potential source with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while identification of active molecules, especially flavonoids, can be targeted in further isolation studies.

 Supercritical carbondioxide extraction has been an advanced system as the regulation of extraction parameters enables the control of the solvating power, resulting in a more selective process. While the efficient use of natural resources is critical for sustainability goals, the discovery of feasible plant sources for medicinal purposes is a valuable research objective. In this study, supercritical carbondioxide extraction of red cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra was investigated using response surface methodology. A statistical design was used for the evaluation of the effect of extraction parameters as temperature 40, 60, 80C, pressure 120, 160, 200 bar and co-solvent ratio 0, 6, 12. Spectrophotometric and UPLC-DAD, ESI-MSMS analysis were performed to investigate total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and dominant anthocyanin contents. The optimization models were determined as significant for all bioactive content analysis and enzyme inhibitory activities. 40C, 160 bar, 12 co-solvent conditions were determined with highest total flavonoid content 47.11 mg QEg. None of the supercritical carbondioxide extracts were able to extract red cabbage anthocyanins within the investigated parameter ranges. 60C, 120 bar, 12 co-solvent extract showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity IC50: 1.71 mgml. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was found to be comparable to that of solvent extracts considering the tested concentrations. Optimum supercritical carbondioxide extract can be considered as a potential source with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while identification of active molecules, especially flavonoids, can be targeted in further isolation studies.

 Supercritical carbondioxide extraction has been an advanced system as the regulation of extraction parameters enables the control of the solvating power, resulting in a more selective process. While the efficient use of natural resources is critical for sustainability goals, the discovery of feasible plant sources for medicinal purposes is a valuable research objective. In this study, supercritical carbondioxide extraction of red cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra was investigated using response surface methodology. A statistical design was used for the evaluation of the effect of extraction parameters as temperature 40, 60, 80C, pressure 120, 160, 200 bar and co-solvent ratio 0, 6, 12. Spectrophotometric and UPLC-DAD, ESI-MSMS analysis were performed to investigate total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and dominant anthocyanin contents. The optimization models were determined as significant for all bioactive content analysis and enzyme inhibitory activities. 40C, 160 bar, 12 co-solvent conditions were determined with highest total flavonoid content 47.11 mg QEg. None of the supercritical carbondioxide extracts were able to extract red cabbage anthocyanins within the investigated parameter ranges. 60C, 120 bar, 12 co-solvent extract showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity IC50: 1.71 mgml. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was found to be comparable to that of solvent extracts considering the tested concentrations. Optimum supercritical carbondioxide extract can be considered as a potential source with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while identification of active molecules, especially flavonoids, can be targeted in further isolation studies.

 Supercritical carbondioxide extraction has been an advanced system as the regulation of extraction parameters enables the control of the solvating power, resulting in a more selective process. While the efficient use of natural resources is critical for sustainability goals, the discovery of feasible plant sources for medicinal purposes is a valuable research objective. In this study, supercritical carbondioxide extraction of red cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra was investigated using response surface methodology. A statistical design was used for the evaluation of the effect of extraction parameters as temperature 40, 60, 80C, pressure 120, 160, 200 bar and co-solvent ratio 0, 6, 12. Spectrophotometric and UPLC-DAD, ESI-MSMS analysis were performed to investigate total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and dominant anthocyanin contents. The optimization models were determined as significant for all bioactive content analysis and enzyme inhibitory activities. 40C, 160 bar, 12 co-solvent conditions were determined with highest total flavonoid content 47.11 mg QEg. None of the supercritical carbondioxide extracts were able to extract red cabbage anthocyanins within the investigated parameter ranges. 60C, 120 bar, 12 co-solvent extract showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity IC50: 1.71 mgml. Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was found to be comparable to that of solvent extracts considering the tested concentrations. Optimum supercritical carbondioxide extract can be considered as a potential source with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while identification of active molecules, especially flavonoids, can be targeted in further isolation studies.

Article Details

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction optimization of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra leaf extracts for cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity

Authors:

Halil Koyu

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmaceutical Botany

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.458-469

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346200

pISSN:

2630-6344

Acetylcholinesterase

Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra

butyrylcholinesterase

extraction

LC-MS/MS

red cabbage

supercritical carbondioxide

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Halil Koyu

Publisher: Marmara University

Main Topics: Pharmaceutical Botany

Journal: Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.458-469

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 6/2025

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001346200

pISSN: 2630-6344

Issues

Authors:

Halil Koyu

Publisher:

Marmara University

Main Topics:

Pharmaceutical Botany

Journal:

Journal of Research in Pharmacy Vol.28 Issue 2, pp.458-469

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

6/2025

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001346200

pISSN:

2630-6344