BUILDING OF CIVIL LAW IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN: THE JUSTIFICATION OF MAHMUT ESAT BOZKURT AND THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUGEN HUBER

Çiğdem Dumanlı

Article Details

BUILDING OF CIVIL LAW IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN: THE JUSTIFICATION OF MAHMUT ESAT BOZKURT AND THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUGEN HUBER

Authors:

Çiğdem Dumanlı

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Journal:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 26, pp.1-23

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295777

pISSN:

2146-4456

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The cadres who carried out a series of reforms after the proclamation of the Republic, in this context instead of the existing Mecelle, envisioned the transformation of the legal issues concerning the family that is the nucleus of the state directly. Efforts for this purpose started in 1924 and in 1926, the Turkish Civil Code was adopted through the reception method on the model of the Swiss Civil Code. This law covers personal, family and inheritance law, which were not regulated by the Mecelle during the Ottoman period and established a basis for a civil understanding of law in a hitherto private domain. Undoubtedly, the Civil Code has been the subject of many studies since then. In a country and society in the Muslim East applicability of a law taken from the Christian West, how successful it can be, its shortcomings and truths, and the 1926 Civil Code remains relevant in todays debates. This article will mention the problems posed by the Mecelle in the Ottoman period and the process of transportation of the new law to the parliament, the views expressed at the point where it came to the parliament. Moreover, the Minister of Justice Mahmut Esat Bozkurts justification for the law will be analysed in particular. This justification will be compared with the bibliography, which Eugen Huber presented as a selection containing information on the legal problems existing in Switzerland at the time and which is among the documents in the Swiss Federal Archive Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv. In this context, both that periods and todays primary sources and secondary literature will be included in the study.

 The cadres who carried out a series of reforms after the proclamation of the Republic, in this context instead of the existing Mecelle, envisioned the transformation of the legal issues concerning the family that is the nucleus of the state directly. Efforts for this purpose started in 1924 and in 1926, the Turkish Civil Code was adopted through the reception method on the model of the Swiss Civil Code. This law covers personal, family and inheritance law, which were not regulated by the Mecelle during the Ottoman period and established a basis for a civil understanding of law in a hitherto private domain. Undoubtedly, the Civil Code has been the subject of many studies since then. In a country and society in the Muslim East applicability of a law taken from the Christian West, how successful it can be, its shortcomings and truths, and the 1926 Civil Code remains relevant in todays debates. This article will mention the problems posed by the Mecelle in the Ottoman period and the process of transportation of the new law to the parliament, the views expressed at the point where it came to the parliament. Moreover, the Minister of Justice Mahmut Esat Bozkurts justification for the law will be analysed in particular. This justification will be compared with the bibliography, which Eugen Huber presented as a selection containing information on the legal problems existing in Switzerland at the time and which is among the documents in the Swiss Federal Archive Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv. In this context, both that periods and todays primary sources and secondary literature will be included in the study.

 The cadres who carried out a series of reforms after the proclamation of the Republic, in this context instead of the existing Mecelle, envisioned the transformation of the legal issues concerning the family that is the nucleus of the state directly. Efforts for this purpose started in 1924 and in 1926, the Turkish Civil Code was adopted through the reception method on the model of the Swiss Civil Code. This law covers personal, family and inheritance law, which were not regulated by the Mecelle during the Ottoman period and established a basis for a civil understanding of law in a hitherto private domain. Undoubtedly, the Civil Code has been the subject of many studies since then. In a country and society in the Muslim East applicability of a law taken from the Christian West, how successful it can be, its shortcomings and truths, and the 1926 Civil Code remains relevant in todays debates. This article will mention the problems posed by the Mecelle in the Ottoman period and the process of transportation of the new law to the parliament, the views expressed at the point where it came to the parliament. Moreover, the Minister of Justice Mahmut Esat Bozkurts justification for the law will be analysed in particular. This justification will be compared with the bibliography, which Eugen Huber presented as a selection containing information on the legal problems existing in Switzerland at the time and which is among the documents in the Swiss Federal Archive Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv. In this context, both that periods and todays primary sources and secondary literature will be included in the study.

 Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra bir dizi inkılâp gerçekleştiren kadrolar, bu bağlamda o ana kadar mevcut olan Mecelle yerine doğrudan devletin çekirdeği, aileyi ilgilendiren hukuki meselelerde de bir dönüşüm öngörmüşlerdir. Buna yönelik çalışmalar 1924 yılında başlamış, 1926 yılında İsviçre Medeni Kanunu örneğinde Türk Kanunu Medenisini resepsiyon yöntemiyle kabul etmişlerdir. Bu Kanun, Osmanlı döneminde Mecellenin düzenlemeye dâhil etmediği, kişi, aile ve miras hukukunu da kapsayacak bir temel oluşturmuş ve o ana kadar mahrem olan alanda sivil bir hukuk anlayışını ortaya koymuştur. Şüphesiz Medeni Kanun o günden bu güne birçok çalışmaya konu olmuştur. Hristiyan-Batıdan alınma bir kanunun Müslüman-Doğu coğrafyasından bir ülke ve toplumda uygulanabilirliği, bunda ne kadar başarılı olunabileceği, eksiklikleri ve doğruları ile 1926 Medeni Kanunu günümüz tartışmalarında da güncelliğini korumaktadır. Bu makalede, Osmanlı döneminde Mecellenin ortaya koyduğu sorunlara, yeni Kanunun Meclise taşınma sürecine, Meclise geldiği noktada dile getirilen görüşlere değinilecektir. Bununla birlikte, bilhassa Adalet Vekili Mahmut Esat Bozkurtun Kanuna sunduğu gerekçe irdelenecektir. Söz konusu gerekçe, İsviçre Federal Arşivi Schweizerisches Bundesarchiv evrakları içerisinde bulunan, Eugen Huberin bir seçki olarak sunduğu ve o dönem İsviçrede mevcut hukuk sorunlarına ilişkin bilgiler ihtiva eden kaynakça ile karşılaştırılacaktır. Bu bağlamda hem dönemin hem günümüzün birincil kaynakları ve ikincil literatürü çalışmaya dahil edilecektir.

Article Details

BUILDING OF CIVIL LAW IN A PRIVATE DOMAIN: THE JUSTIFICATION OF MAHMUT ESAT BOZKURT AND THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF EUGEN HUBER

Authors:

Çiğdem Dumanlı

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Journal:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 26, pp.1-23

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295777

pISSN:

2146-4456

Turkish Civil Code

Law Reform

Eugen Huber

Mahmut Esat Bozkurt

SwitzerlandTürk Medeni Kanunu

Hukuk İnkılabı

Eugen Huber

Mahmut Esat Bozkurt

İsviçre

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Çiğdem Dumanlı

Publisher: Pamukkale University

Journal: Belgi Dergisi Issue 26, pp.1-23

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001295777

pISSN: 2146-4456

Issues

Authors:

Çiğdem Dumanlı

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Journal:

Belgi Dergisi Issue 26, pp.1-23

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001295777

pISSN:

2146-4456