In vitro comparison of force losses over time of orthodontic nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs

Emine Aydın; Orhan Çiçek; Nurhat Özkalaycı

Article Details

In vitro comparison of force losses over time of orthodontic nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs

Authors:

Emine Aydın | Orhan Çiçek | Nurhat Özkalaycı

Publisher:

Gazi University

Main Topics:

Diş Hekimliği

Journal:

Acta Odontologica Turcica Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.67-74

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

2/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001316456

pISSN:

2147-690X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the force losses of nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs over time in an in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs from 3 different brands were divided into 9 groups. The percentages of force loss in the samples over time were compared in the in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. Force values were measured and recorded at initial activation, 1st hour, 24th hour, 7th day, 21st day, and 28th day. Statistical analysis of the data were performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The significance value was considered as p0.05. RESULTS: The highest and lowest forces at the initial activation hour were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively p0.05. There was no significant difference between elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs in the measurements performed at the 24th hour p0.05. Although significant force losses were measured in all groups on the 28th day, active tie-backs lost significantly less force than elastomeric chains, regardless of brand. On the 28th day, the lowest and highest forces were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively p0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Among the orthodontic space closure mechanics, nickel-titanium closed springs were the most stable; however, active tie-backs produced a more stable force than elastomeric chains, so the type of force element used was the main indicator of the force loss level.

 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the force losses of nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs over time in an in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs from 3 different brands were divided into 9 groups. The percentages of force loss in the samples over time were compared in the in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. Force values were measured and recorded at initial activation, 1st hour, 24th hour, 7th day, 21st day, and 28th day. Statistical analysis of the data were performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The significance value was considered as p0.05. RESULTS: The highest and lowest forces at the initial activation hour were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively p0.05. There was no significant difference between elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs in the measurements performed at the 24th hour p0.05. Although significant force losses were measured in all groups on the 28th day, active tie-backs lost significantly less force than elastomeric chains, regardless of brand. On the 28th day, the lowest and highest forces were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively p0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Among the orthodontic space closure mechanics, nickel-titanium closed springs were the most stable; however, active tie-backs produced a more stable force than elastomeric chains, so the type of force element used was the main indicator of the force loss level.

 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the force losses of nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs over time in an in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs from 3 different brands were divided into 9 groups. The percentages of force loss in the samples over time were compared in the in vitro environment containing artificial saliva. Force values were measured and recorded at initial activation, 1st hour, 24th hour, 7th day, 21st day, and 28th day. Statistical analysis of the data were performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests. The significance value was considered as p0.05. RESULTS: The highest and lowest forces at the initial activation hour were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively p0.05. There was no significant difference between elastomeric chains, nickel-titanium closed springs, and active tie-backs in the measurements performed at the 24th hour p0.05. Although significant force losses were measured in all groups on the 28th day, active tie-backs lost significantly less force than elastomeric chains, regardless of brand. On the 28th day, the lowest and highest forces were measured in elastomeric chains and nickel-titanium closed springs, respectively p0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Among the orthodontic space closure mechanics, nickel-titanium closed springs were the most stable; however, active tie-backs produced a more stable force than elastomeric chains, so the type of force element used was the main indicator of the force loss level.

 AMAÇ: Ortodontik kuvvet elemanlarından nikel-titanyum kapalı yayların, elastomerik zincirlerin ve aktif tie- backlerin zamana göre kuvvet kayıplarının yapay tükürük içeren in vitro ortamda karşılaştırmaktır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmada 3 farklı markadan elastomerik zincirler, Ni-Ti kapalı yaylar ve aktif tie-backler 9 gruba ayrıldı. Örneklerin yapay tükürük içeren in vitro ortamda zamana bağlı kuvvet kayıp yüzdeleri karşılaştırıldı. Kuvvet değerleri başlangıçta, 1. saatte, 24. saatte, 7. günde, 21. günde ve 28. günde ölçüldü ve kaydedildi. Elde edilen veriler Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, Mann- Whitney U ve Wilcoxon testleri ile istatistiksel analize tabi tutuldu. Anlamlılık değeri p0.05 olarak kabul edildi. BULGULAR: Başlangıçta en fazla ve en az kuvvetler sırasıyla elastomerik zincirlerde ve nikel-titanyum kapalı yaylarda ölçüldü p0.05. 24. saatte yapılan ölçümlerde elastomerik zincirler, nikel-titanyum kapalı yaylar ve aktif tie-backler arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı p0.05. 28. günde tüm gruplarda anlamlı kuvvet kayıpları ölçülse de, aktif tie-backlerde elastomerik zincirlere göre markadan bağımsız olarak anlamlı şekilde daha az kuvvet kaybı ölçüldü p0.05. 28. günde en az ve fazla kuvvetler sırasıyla elastomerik zincirlerde ve Ni-Ti kapalı yaylarda ölçüldü p0.05. SONUÇ: Ortodontik boşluk kapatma mekaniklerinden, nikel-titanyum kapalı yaylar en stabil olmak üzere, aktif tie-backlerin elastomerik zincirlere göre daha stabil bir kuvvet uyguladığı dolayısıyla kullanılan kuvvet elemanı tipinin kuvvet kaybı düzeyinde temel belirteç olduğu görüldü.

Article Details

In vitro comparison of force losses over time of orthodontic nickel-titanium closed springs, elastomeric chains, and active tie-backs

Authors:

Emine Aydın | Orhan Çiçek | Nurhat Özkalaycı

Publisher:

Gazi University

Main Topics:

Diş Hekimliği

Journal:

Acta Odontologica Turcica Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.67-74

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

2/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001316456

pISSN:

2147-690X

closed spring

elastomerics

orthodontics

orthodontic space closureelastomer

kapalı yay

ortodonti

ortodontik boşluk kapatma

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Emine Aydın | Orhan Çiçek | Nurhat Özkalaycı

Publisher: Gazi University

Main Topics: Diş Hekimliği

Journal: Acta Odontologica Turcica Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.67-74

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 2/2024

Document Language: English

Document ID (Org No.): 2001316456

pISSN: 2147-690X

Issues

Authors:

Emine Aydın | Orhan Çiçek | Nurhat Özkalaycı

Publisher:

Gazi University

Main Topics:

Diş Hekimliği

Journal:

Acta Odontologica Turcica Vol.41 Issue 2, pp.67-74

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

2/2024

Document Language:

English

Document ID (Org No.):

2001316456

pISSN:

2147-690X