THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF TURKISH TOBACCO IN TURKISH-GERMAN TRADE (1930-1953)

Ceyhun Öğreten

Article Details

THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF TURKISH TOBACCO IN TURKISH-GERMAN TRADE (1930-1953)

Authors:

Ceyhun Öğreten

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.110-130

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318086

pISSN:

1303-5290

Keywords:

Abstract:

 Turkish-German relations have developed in the political, military and economic fields since the last quarter of the 19th century. The export of Turkish tobacco, which was one of the key products in the trade relations between the two countries, became one of the most important sources of income for the Turkish economy. For Germany, Turkey was considered the producer of the best quality tobacco among the Oriental tobacco producing countries. From the Great Depression until the Second World War, Turkish-German tobacco exports were carried out on the basis of the trade agreement signed in 1930, and at the end of the war negotiations were held with Germany on the continuation of the existing status. The US involvement in Europe through Marshall and Trumans aid and the idea of an integrated Europe to be built in Europe was an important break in Turkish-German trade relations. The establishment of the World Trade Organisation, which complemented the IMF and the World Bank, brought the obligation of Turkish tobacco exports to Germany within the framework of international agreements. From 1948 onwards, Turkish-German tobacco trade resumed in accordance with bilateral negotiations between Turkey and the Bi-Zone Occupation Command and international obligations. This article analyses how Turkish-German tobacco trade was affected by international developments between 1930 and 1953 and the impact of mutual diplomatic initiatives on Turkish tobacco exports. Literature, official publications and archival documents were used in the research.

 Turkish-German relations have developed in the political, military and economic fields since the last quarter of the 19th century. The export of Turkish tobacco, which was one of the key products in the trade relations between the two countries, became one of the most important sources of income for the Turkish economy. For Germany, Turkey was considered the producer of the best quality tobacco among the Oriental tobacco producing countries. From the Great Depression until the Second World War, Turkish-German tobacco exports were carried out on the basis of the trade agreement signed in 1930, and at the end of the war negotiations were held with Germany on the continuation of the existing status. The US involvement in Europe through Marshall and Trumans aid and the idea of an integrated Europe to be built in Europe was an important break in Turkish-German trade relations. The establishment of the World Trade Organisation, which complemented the IMF and the World Bank, brought the obligation of Turkish tobacco exports to Germany within the framework of international agreements. From 1948 onwards, Turkish-German tobacco trade resumed in accordance with bilateral negotiations between Turkey and the Bi-Zone Occupation Command and international obligations. This article analyses how Turkish-German tobacco trade was affected by international developments between 1930 and 1953 and the impact of mutual diplomatic initiatives on Turkish tobacco exports. Literature, official publications and archival documents were used in the research.

 Turkish-German relations have developed in the political, military and economic fields since the last quarter of the 19th century. The export of Turkish tobacco, which was one of the key products in the trade relations between the two countries, became one of the most important sources of income for the Turkish economy. For Germany, Turkey was considered the producer of the best quality tobacco among the Oriental tobacco producing countries. From the Great Depression until the Second World War, Turkish-German tobacco exports were carried out on the basis of the trade agreement signed in 1930, and at the end of the war negotiations were held with Germany on the continuation of the existing status. The US involvement in Europe through Marshall and Trumans aid and the idea of an integrated Europe to be built in Europe was an important break in Turkish-German trade relations. The establishment of the World Trade Organisation, which complemented the IMF and the World Bank, brought the obligation of Turkish tobacco exports to Germany within the framework of international agreements. From 1948 onwards, Turkish-German tobacco trade resumed in accordance with bilateral negotiations between Turkey and the Bi-Zone Occupation Command and international obligations. This article analyses how Turkish-German tobacco trade was affected by international developments between 1930 and 1953 and the impact of mutual diplomatic initiatives on Turkish tobacco exports. Literature, official publications and archival documents were used in the research.

 Türk-Alman ilişkileri 19uncu yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren siyasi, askeri ve ekonomik alanda gelişmiştir. İki ülkenin ticari ilişkilerinde belirleyici ürünlerden olan Türk tütününün ihracatı Türkiye ekonomisi için önemli gelir kaynaklarından biri olmuştur. Almanya içinse Şark tütünü üreticisi ülkeler içinde en kaliteli tütün üreticisi Türkiye olarak görülmüştür. Büyük Buhrandan İkinci Dünya Savaşına kadar Türk-Alman tütün ihracatına 1930 yılında imzalanan ticaret anlaşması temel alınarak yürütülmüş, savaş sonunda ise Almanyayla mevcut statünün devamı konusunda görüşmeler gerçekleştirmiştir. Amerikanın Avrupada Marshall ve Truman yardımlarıyla etkin hale gelmesi ve Avrupada tesis edilmek istenen bütünleşik Avrupa fikri Türk-Alman Ticari ilişkilerinde önemli bir kırılmayı oluşturmuştur. IMF ve Dünya Bankasını tamamlayıcı nitelikteki Dünya Ticaret Örgütünün kurulması Almanyaya Türk tütün ihracatının uluslararası antlaşmalar kapsamında yürütülmesi zorunluluğunu getirmiştir. 1948 yılından itibaren Türkiye ve Bi-zone İşgal Komutanlığı arasında yapılan ikili görüşmeler ve uluslararası yükümlülükler doğrultusunda Türk-Alman tütün ticareti tekrar başlamıştır. Bu makalede 1930-1953 tarihleri arasında Türk-Alman tütün ticaretinin uluslararası gelişmelerden nasıl etkilendiği, karşılıklı diplomatik girişimlerin Türk tütün ihracatına etkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırmada alan yazını, resmi yayınlar ve arşiv belgelerinden faydalanılmıştır.

Article Details

THE PLACE AND IMPORTANCE OF TURKISH TOBACCO IN TURKISH-GERMAN TRADE (1930-1953)

Authors:

Ceyhun Öğreten

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.110-130

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318086

pISSN:

1303-5290

Federal Republic of Germany

import-export

Marshall Aid

Turkish-German relations

Turkish tobacco.Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti

İthalat-İhracat

Marshall Yardımı

Türk-Alman İlişkileri

Türk Tütünü.

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Ceyhun Öğreten

Publisher: Ankara University

Main Topics: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal: Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.110-130

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 5/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001318086

pISSN: 1303-5290

Issues

Authors:

Ceyhun Öğreten

Publisher:

Ankara University

Main Topics:

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi | Genel Türk Tarihi (Diğer)

Journal:

Atatürk Yolu Dergisi Issue 74, pp.110-130

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

5/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001318086

pISSN:

1303-5290