Approaches to Mushaf in German Orıentalism, The Example of Geschichte des Qorâns

Müslüm Yıldırım

Article Details

Approaches to Mushaf in German Orıentalism, The Example of Geschichte des Qorâns

Authors:

Müslüm Yıldırım

Publisher:

Balıkesir University

Main Topics:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

Balıkesir İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 18, pp.113-150

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308729

pISSN:

2149-9969

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In Germany and Austria, it is seen that the researches on the Qurân are not to be underestimated, as well as the complete and partial mushaf publications, especially the translations of the Qurân. The most important work on the history of the Qurân in the West is the Geschichte des Qorâns, written by the German orientalist Theodor Nöldeke and completed and republished over time by different authors following Nöldekes footsteps. One of the main subjects of the book, which deals with the history of the Qurân in great detail, is the subject of the mushaf. In this article, the approaches of Geschichte des Qorâns to the subject of mushaf are discussed. In this context, if we discuss the period in which the book was written, the status of research on mushaf manuscripts, the line of the first period mushafs, the placement of dots on the letters ijâm, the harakah of the text of the Qurân tashkil, the writing of sukûn and shadda, the writing of naqis and zaid letters, the writing of the hamzah, لا Ligatur sign, division of verses, writing of surah names, division of mushaf into juz, dating of mushaf manuscripts, determination of places where mushaf manuscripts were written and new Qurân editions were emphasized. Let us emphasize right away that, besides making use of classical sources on the subject, a significant number of early mushaf manuscripts found in different parts of the world, especially in Istanbul, were also used. The theoretical information in the relevant sources was tried to be shown on manuscripts by Pretzl, and especially by Nöldeke, and to be transferred to a kind of practice.

 In Germany and Austria, it is seen that the researches on the Qurân are not to be underestimated, as well as the complete and partial mushaf publications, especially the translations of the Qurân. The most important work on the history of the Qurân in the West is the Geschichte des Qorâns, written by the German orientalist Theodor Nöldeke and completed and republished over time by different authors following Nöldekes footsteps. One of the main subjects of the book, which deals with the history of the Qurân in great detail, is the subject of the mushaf. In this article, the approaches of Geschichte des Qorâns to the subject of mushaf are discussed. In this context, if we discuss the period in which the book was written, the status of research on mushaf manuscripts, the line of the first period mushafs, the placement of dots on the letters ijâm, the harakah of the text of the Qurân tashkil, the writing of sukûn and shadda, the writing of naqis and zaid letters, the writing of the hamzah, لا Ligatur sign, division of verses, writing of surah names, division of mushaf into juz, dating of mushaf manuscripts, determination of places where mushaf manuscripts were written and new Qurân editions were emphasized. Let us emphasize right away that, besides making use of classical sources on the subject, a significant number of early mushaf manuscripts found in different parts of the world, especially in Istanbul, were also used. The theoretical information in the relevant sources was tried to be shown on manuscripts by Pretzl, and especially by Nöldeke, and to be transferred to a kind of practice.

 In Germany and Austria, it is seen that the researches on the Qurân are not to be underestimated, as well as the complete and partial mushaf publications, especially the translations of the Qurân. The most important work on the history of the Qurân in the West is the Geschichte des Qorâns, written by the German orientalist Theodor Nöldeke and completed and republished over time by different authors following Nöldekes footsteps. One of the main subjects of the book, which deals with the history of the Qurân in great detail, is the subject of the mushaf. In this article, the approaches of Geschichte des Qorâns to the subject of mushaf are discussed. In this context, if we discuss the period in which the book was written, the status of research on mushaf manuscripts, the line of the first period mushafs, the placement of dots on the letters ijâm, the harakah of the text of the Qurân tashkil, the writing of sukûn and shadda, the writing of naqis and zaid letters, the writing of the hamzah, لا Ligatur sign, division of verses, writing of surah names, division of mushaf into juz, dating of mushaf manuscripts, determination of places where mushaf manuscripts were written and new Qurân editions were emphasized. Let us emphasize right away that, besides making use of classical sources on the subject, a significant number of early mushaf manuscripts found in different parts of the world, especially in Istanbul, were also used. The theoretical information in the relevant sources was tried to be shown on manuscripts by Pretzl, and especially by Nöldeke, and to be transferred to a kind of practice.

 Almanya ve Avusturyada başta Kurân tercümeleri olmak üzere, tam ve kısmî mushaf neşirleri yanında Kurân üzerine yapılan araştırmaların azımsanmayacak derecede oldukları görülür. Batıda Kurân tarihi hakkında yapılan en önemli çalışma ise Alman şarkiyatçı Theodor Nöldekenin kaleme aldığı ve zaman içerisinde Nöldeke ekolüne mensup farklı yazarlar tarafından tamamlanarak yeniden yayınlanan Geschichte des Qorâns adlı çalışmadır. Kurânın tarihini son derece detaylı bir şekilde ele alan kitabın ana konularından biri de mushaf konusudur. Bu makalede Geschichte des Qorânsın mushaf konusuna yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda kitabın yazıldığı dönem için söyleyecek olursak mushaf yazmaları konusunda araştırmaların durumu, ilk dönem mushafların hattı, harflere noktaların konulması icâm, Kurân metninin harekelenmesi teşkîl, sükûn ve şeddenin yazılışları, nâkıs ve zâid harflerin yazılması, hemzenin yazılışı, لا Ligatur işareti, âyetlerin taksimi, sûre isimlerinin yazılması, mushafın cüzlere taksimi, mushaf yazmalarının tarihlendirilmesi, mushaf yazmalarının yazıldıkları yerlerin tespiti ve yeni Kurân baskıları gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur. Şunu da hemen ifade edelim ki, konuyla ilgili klasik kaynaklardan faydalanıldığı gibi başta İstanbul olmak üzere dünyanın farklı yerlerinde bulunan önemli sayıda erken dönem mushaf yazmalarından da istifade edilmiştir. İlgili kaynaklarda yer alan teorik bilgiler, başta Nöldeke olmak üzere Pretzl tarafından yazma nüshalar üzerinde gösterilmeye ve bir nevi pratiğe aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Article Details

Approaches to Mushaf in German Orıentalism, The Example of Geschichte des Qorâns

Authors:

Müslüm Yıldırım

Publisher:

Balıkesir University

Main Topics:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

Balıkesir İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 18, pp.113-150

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308729

pISSN:

2149-9969

Tafsir

Mushaf

Orientalizm

Nöldeke

Pretzl

Geschichte des QorânsTefsir

Mushaf

Oryantalizm

Nöldeke

Pretzl

Geschichte des Qorâns

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Müslüm Yıldırım

Publisher: Balıkesir University

Main Topics: Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal: Balıkesir İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 18, pp.113-150

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001308729

pISSN: 2149-9969

Issues

Authors:

Müslüm Yıldırım

Publisher:

Balıkesir University

Main Topics:

Edebi Çalışmalar (Diğer)

Journal:

Balıkesir İlahiyat Dergisi Issue 18, pp.113-150

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001308729

pISSN:

2149-9969