Validity Conditions Regarding the Form of the Guarantee Agreement and Special Issues in Terms of Commercial Law

Temel Güner

Article Details

Validity Conditions Regarding the Form of the Guarantee Agreement and Special Issues in Terms of Commercial Law

Authors:

Temel Güner

Publisher:

Sakarya University

Main Topics:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Journal:

Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.643-682

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330629

pISSN:

2147-768X

Keywords:

Abstract:

 In accordance with the provision of Article 121 of the Turkish Obligations Code TOC, the validity of contracts is not subject to formality as a rule. However, some contracts have been formalized in order to protect those in a weak position who take on responsibilities gratuitously and to encourage them to think twice before taking on responsibilities. In this context, one of the contracts subject to form is the surety agreement. In order for the guarantee agreement to be valid, it must be concluded in writing and the date of guarantee, the maximum amount to be guaranteed and, in case of joint guarantee, the relevant statement must be written in handwriting TOC 5831. Additionally, if the guarantor is married, hisher spouses consent must be obtained TOC 584. These conditions regarding the form of the surety agreement are valid for all surety agreements. However, the application area of these conditions may be specific in terms of commercial law. As a matter of fact, in Article 5843 of TOC, it is regulated that the consent of the spouse will not be required for guarantees given by the business owner of the commercial enterprise and the partners and managers of the commercial companies. Also, in TOC 603, it is stated that the conditions regarding the form of surety, the capacity to act as guarantor and the consent of the spouse will also be required in other contracts concluded by real persons regarding the provision of personal guarantee. At this point, the question arises whether the aval will be evaluated within the scope of TOC 603. Again, since Article 72 of the Turkish Commercial Code stipulates the presumption of joint and several suretyship in commercial transactions, the question arises whether it is necessary to write the will of joint surety in the handwriting of the guarantor in commercial works. In our study, the formal validity conditions of the surety agreement and the special situations of these conditions in terms of commercial law are examined.

 In accordance with the provision of Article 121 of the Turkish Obligations Code TOC, the validity of contracts is not subject to formality as a rule. However, some contracts have been formalized in order to protect those in a weak position who take on responsibilities gratuitously and to encourage them to think twice before taking on responsibilities. In this context, one of the contracts subject to form is the surety agreement. In order for the guarantee agreement to be valid, it must be concluded in writing and the date of guarantee, the maximum amount to be guaranteed and, in case of joint guarantee, the relevant statement must be written in handwriting TOC 5831. Additionally, if the guarantor is married, hisher spouses consent must be obtained TOC 584. These conditions regarding the form of the surety agreement are valid for all surety agreements. However, the application area of these conditions may be specific in terms of commercial law. As a matter of fact, in Article 5843 of TOC, it is regulated that the consent of the spouse will not be required for guarantees given by the business owner of the commercial enterprise and the partners and managers of the commercial companies. Also, in TOC 603, it is stated that the conditions regarding the form of surety, the capacity to act as guarantor and the consent of the spouse will also be required in other contracts concluded by real persons regarding the provision of personal guarantee. At this point, the question arises whether the aval will be evaluated within the scope of TOC 603. Again, since Article 72 of the Turkish Commercial Code stipulates the presumption of joint and several suretyship in commercial transactions, the question arises whether it is necessary to write the will of joint surety in the handwriting of the guarantor in commercial works. In our study, the formal validity conditions of the surety agreement and the special situations of these conditions in terms of commercial law are examined.

 In accordance with the provision of Article 121 of the Turkish Obligations Code TOC, the validity of contracts is not subject to formality as a rule. However, some contracts have been formalized in order to protect those in a weak position who take on responsibilities gratuitously and to encourage them to think twice before taking on responsibilities. In this context, one of the contracts subject to form is the surety agreement. In order for the guarantee agreement to be valid, it must be concluded in writing and the date of guarantee, the maximum amount to be guaranteed and, in case of joint guarantee, the relevant statement must be written in handwriting TOC 5831. Additionally, if the guarantor is married, hisher spouses consent must be obtained TOC 584. These conditions regarding the form of the surety agreement are valid for all surety agreements. However, the application area of these conditions may be specific in terms of commercial law. As a matter of fact, in Article 5843 of TOC, it is regulated that the consent of the spouse will not be required for guarantees given by the business owner of the commercial enterprise and the partners and managers of the commercial companies. Also, in TOC 603, it is stated that the conditions regarding the form of surety, the capacity to act as guarantor and the consent of the spouse will also be required in other contracts concluded by real persons regarding the provision of personal guarantee. At this point, the question arises whether the aval will be evaluated within the scope of TOC 603. Again, since Article 72 of the Turkish Commercial Code stipulates the presumption of joint and several suretyship in commercial transactions, the question arises whether it is necessary to write the will of joint surety in the handwriting of the guarantor in commercial works. In our study, the formal validity conditions of the surety agreement and the special situations of these conditions in terms of commercial law are examined.

 Türk Borçlar Kanunu TBK m. 121 gereği, sözleşmelerin geçerliliği kural olarak şekle tabi değildir. Ancak özelikle ivazsız olarak sorumluluk altına giren zayıf konumdaki kişileri korumak, onları sorumluluk altına girmeden önce bir kez daha düşünmeye sevk etmek amacıyla bazı sözleşmeler şekle tabi tutulmuştur. Bu bağlamda şekle tabi tutulan sözleşmelerden birisi de kefalet sözleşmesidir. Kefalet sözleşmesinin geçerli olabilmesi için yazılı şekilde akdedilmesi, sorumlu olunacak azami miktarın, kefalet tarihinin ve müteselsil kefalet söz konusu ise buna ilişkin iradenin kefilin el yazısı ile yazılması gerekmektedir TBK m. 5831. Ayrıca kefil olan kişi evli ise eşin rızası alınmalıdır TBK m. 584. Şekle ilişkin bu şartlar bütün kefalet sözleşmeleri için geçerlidir. Ancak bu şartların uygulama alanı ticaret hukuku açısından özellik arz edebilmektedir. Nitekim TBK m. 5843te, ticari işletme ile ilgili işletme sahibi; ticaret şirketleri ile ilgili ortak ve yöneticiler tarafından verilen kefaletlerde eşin rızasının aranmayacağı öngörülmüştür. Ayrıca TBK m. 603te, kefaletin şekline, kefil olma ehliyetine ve eşin rızasına ilişkin şartların, gerçek kişilerce, kişisel güvence verilmesine ilişkin olarak başka ad altında akdedilen diğer sözleşmelerde de aranacağı öngörülmüştür. Bu noktada avalin de TBK m. 603 kapsamında değerlendirilip değerlendirilmeyeceği sorusu gündeme gelmektedir. Yine Türk Ticaret Kanunu TTK m. 72de, ticari işlerde müteselsil kefalet karinesi öngörüldüğünden, ticari işlerde müteselsil kefaletin söz konusu olabilmesi için buna ilişkin iradenin kefilin el yazısı ile yazılmasının gerekli olup olmadığı sorusu gündeme gelmektedir. Çalışmamızda kefalet sözleşmesinin şekli geçerlilik şartları ve bu şartların ticaret hukuku açısından özellik arz eden durumları incelenmiştir.

Article Details

Validity Conditions Regarding the Form of the Guarantee Agreement and Special Issues in Terms of Commercial Law

Authors:

Temel Güner

Publisher:

Sakarya University

Main Topics:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Journal:

Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.643-682

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330629

pISSN:

2147-768X

Hand Writing

Joint Guarantees

Guarantee Date

Partners

AvalEl Yazısı

Müteselsil Kefalet

Kefalet Tarihi

Eşin Rızası

Aval

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Temel Güner

Publisher: Sakarya University

Main Topics: Hukuk (Diğer)

Journal: Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.643-682

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 12/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001330629

pISSN: 2147-768X

Issues

Authors:

Temel Güner

Publisher:

Sakarya University

Main Topics:

Hukuk (Diğer)

Journal:

Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi Vol.12 Issue 2, pp.643-682

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

12/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001330629

pISSN:

2147-768X