A Study on the Development of an Attitude Scale Towards Distance Education

Hamide Deniz Gülleroğlu; Fatma Coşkun

Article Details

A Study on the Development of an Attitude Scale Towards Distance Education

Authors:

Hamide Deniz Gülleroğlu | Fatma Coşkun

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.57-73

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

2/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289209

pISSN:

1301-0085

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The overall aim of this study is to develop an attitude scale towards distance education, the validity and reliability of which can be used to measure the attitudes of the teachers who have experienced distance education systems especially during the coronavirus pandemic. For this purpose, first of all, 20 teachers who worked actively in distance education systems during the emergency remote education period were asked to write an essay on their feelings and thoughts about distance education. Then, an item pool consisting of 69 items was created examining these essays written by the teachers and reviewing the relevant literature in detail, Next, these items were presented to the group consisting of assessment and evaluation experts and field experts, and a draft scale form with 29 items was prepared in line with the opinions of the experts. The data of the study were obtained from three different study groups. The data were collected from 250 participants for the Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA, from 171 participants for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA, and from 45 participants for the reliability study. As a result of EFA, the scale structure consisting of 16 items and 3 subdimensions which explain 61 of the total variance and whose factor loading values range between 0.84 and 0.54 emerged. Then, CFA was applied to the 16 items that represent the dimensions of being satisfied with distance education 8 items, being active in distance education 4 items, and adopting distance education 4 items obtained as a result of EFA. It was concluded that this structure was also confirmed according to the CFA fit indices X2sd1.92, CFI0.95, GFI0.88, IFI0.95, RMSEA0.007. In the reliability analyses of the ATDES, it was observed that the Cronbach Alpha coefficient varied between 0.77 and 0.92 for the overall scale and its sub-dimensions, and the test-retest reliability ranged between 0.72 and 0.98. In conclusion, it is determined that the ATDES, developed within the scope of this study, is a valid and reliable attitude scale that can be used to measure teachers attitudes towards distance education.

 The overall aim of this study is to develop an attitude scale towards distance education, the validity and reliability of which can be used to measure the attitudes of the teachers who have experienced distance education systems especially during the coronavirus pandemic. For this purpose, first of all, 20 teachers who worked actively in distance education systems during the emergency remote education period were asked to write an essay on their feelings and thoughts about distance education. Then, an item pool consisting of 69 items was created examining these essays written by the teachers and reviewing the relevant literature in detail, Next, these items were presented to the group consisting of assessment and evaluation experts and field experts, and a draft scale form with 29 items was prepared in line with the opinions of the experts. The data of the study were obtained from three different study groups. The data were collected from 250 participants for the Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA, from 171 participants for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA, and from 45 participants for the reliability study. As a result of EFA, the scale structure consisting of 16 items and 3 subdimensions which explain 61 of the total variance and whose factor loading values range between 0.84 and 0.54 emerged. Then, CFA was applied to the 16 items that represent the dimensions of being satisfied with distance education 8 items, being active in distance education 4 items, and adopting distance education 4 items obtained as a result of EFA. It was concluded that this structure was also confirmed according to the CFA fit indices X2sd1.92, CFI0.95, GFI0.88, IFI0.95, RMSEA0.007. In the reliability analyses of the ATDES, it was observed that the Cronbach Alpha coefficient varied between 0.77 and 0.92 for the overall scale and its sub-dimensions, and the test-retest reliability ranged between 0.72 and 0.98. In conclusion, it is determined that the ATDES, developed within the scope of this study, is a valid and reliable attitude scale that can be used to measure teachers attitudes towards distance education.

 The overall aim of this study is to develop an attitude scale towards distance education, the validity and reliability of which can be used to measure the attitudes of the teachers who have experienced distance education systems especially during the coronavirus pandemic. For this purpose, first of all, 20 teachers who worked actively in distance education systems during the emergency remote education period were asked to write an essay on their feelings and thoughts about distance education. Then, an item pool consisting of 69 items was created examining these essays written by the teachers and reviewing the relevant literature in detail, Next, these items were presented to the group consisting of assessment and evaluation experts and field experts, and a draft scale form with 29 items was prepared in line with the opinions of the experts. The data of the study were obtained from three different study groups. The data were collected from 250 participants for the Exploratory Factor Analysis EFA, from 171 participants for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis CFA, and from 45 participants for the reliability study. As a result of EFA, the scale structure consisting of 16 items and 3 subdimensions which explain 61 of the total variance and whose factor loading values range between 0.84 and 0.54 emerged. Then, CFA was applied to the 16 items that represent the dimensions of being satisfied with distance education 8 items, being active in distance education 4 items, and adopting distance education 4 items obtained as a result of EFA. It was concluded that this structure was also confirmed according to the CFA fit indices X2sd1.92, CFI0.95, GFI0.88, IFI0.95, RMSEA0.007. In the reliability analyses of the ATDES, it was observed that the Cronbach Alpha coefficient varied between 0.77 and 0.92 for the overall scale and its sub-dimensions, and the test-retest reliability ranged between 0.72 and 0.98. In conclusion, it is determined that the ATDES, developed within the scope of this study, is a valid and reliable attitude scale that can be used to measure teachers attitudes towards distance education.

 Bu çalışmanın genel amacı, özellikle koronavirüs salgını döneminde, uzaktan eğitim sistemlerini deneyimlemiş olan öğretmenlerin, uzaktan eğitime yönelik geliştirmiş oldukları tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla kullanılabilecek geçerliği ve güvenirliği doğrulanmış uzaktan eğitime yönelik bir tutum ölçeği geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle, acil uzaktan eğitim sisteminin uygulandığı dönemde, uzaktan eğitim sistemlerinde aktif olarak görev yapmış olan 20 öğretmenden uzaktan eğitimle ilgili duygu, düşüncelerini dile getirdikleri birer kompozisyon yazmaları istenmiştir. Öğretmenler tarafından yazılan bu kompozisyonlar dikkate alınarak ve konuyla ilgili alanyazın ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenerek 69 maddeden oluşan bir madde havuzu oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra, bu maddeler ölçme değerlendirme uzmanları ile alan uzmanlarından oluşan bir grubun görüşüne sunulmuş ve uzmanların görüşleri doğrultusunda 29 madde seçilerek, taslak ölçek formu hazırlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, üç farklı çalışma grubundan elde edilmiştir. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi AFA için 250, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi DFA için 171, güvenirlik kanıtları için de 45 katılımcıdan veri toplanmıştır. AFA sonucunda toplam varyansın 61 ini açıklayan ve faktör yük değerleri 0.84 ile 0.54 aralığında değişen üç alt boyut ve 16 maddeden oluşan bir ölçek yapısı ortaya çıkmıştır. AFA sonucunda uzaktan eğitimden hoşnut olma 8 madde, uzaktan eğitimde aktif olma 4 madde ve uzatan eğitimi benimseme 4 madde boyutlarını temsil eden 16 maddeye, daha sonra DFA yapılmış ve bu yapının da elde edilen DFA uyum indekslerine göre doğrulandığı X2sd1,92, CFI0,95, GFI0,88, IFI0,95, RMSEA0,007 sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. UEYTÖ nün yapılan güvenirlik analizlerinde, Cronbach Alpha katsayısının ölçeğin geneli ve alt boyutları için 0,77 ile 0,92 arasında değiştiği; test tekrar test güvenirliğinin ise 0,72 ile 0,98 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen UEYTÖ nün, öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek için kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir tutum ölçeği olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Article Details

A Study on the Development of an Attitude Scale Towards Distance Education

Authors:

Hamide Deniz Gülleroğlu | Fatma Coşkun

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.57-73

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

2/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289209

pISSN:

1301-0085

emergency remote education

attitude towards distance education

scale development

validity

reliabilityacil uzaktan eğitim

uzaktan eğitime yönelik tutum

ölçek geliştirme

geçerlik

güvenirlik

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Hamide Deniz Gülleroğlu | Fatma Coşkun

Publisher: Pamukkale University

Journal: Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.57-73

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 2/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001289209

pISSN: 1301-0085

Issues

Authors:

Hamide Deniz Gülleroğlu | Fatma Coşkun

Publisher:

Pamukkale University

Journal:

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Issue 58, pp.57-73

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

2/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001289209

pISSN:

1301-0085