The Concept of “Tap” in Foundation Documents and a Survey on Their On-Site Examples in Istanbul

Muradiye Şimşek; Nilgün Çevrimli

Article Details

The Concept of “Tap” in Foundation Documents and a Survey on Their On-Site Examples in Istanbul

Authors:

Muradiye Şimşek | Nilgün Çevrimli

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Sanat Tarihi

Journal:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.655-682

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311688

pISSN:

2148-3582

Keywords:

Abstract:

 One of the foundation types of which the largest numbers of pious foundations were established in the history of waqf is water foundations. It is known that all kinds of services related to water, which are considered among the municipal services today, were provided through pious foundations at that time. In many of the foundations established for this purpose by high-ranking people such as Sultans, Lady Sultans, Pashas and other benefactors, many structures have been built at every stage of the water process from its source to being made available to people. Waterways, canals, wells, maksems, charis, kastels, fountains, water scales, water treasuries, fountains, stone tanks e.i. musluk and similar water structures built for the daily water needs of people were generally defined in foundation charters such as sikâye, sâkiye, ebniye-i mâ and ebniye-i sikâye. In this study, among these structures, the elements defined as tap e.i. musluk in the foundation charters, where water meets people and from where people receive direct service, which has not been extensively studied until now are included. First of all, the importance of water in established foundations, the factors underlying the establishment of water foundations and the meanings of the term tap in foundation charters are expressed with examples. It has been determined that the term tap is used in more than one sense; therefore, is grouped into four main headings. It was figured out that the most interesting and the least studied ones of these are the special types of taps defined by the term stone tank, taş tekne or stone tap taş musluk. In the site survey, the stone taps in Istanbul, where the examples with the most foundation charter records do exist, were tried to be identified through the records, and the examples matching the records in the site were examined in terms of originality, form, material and ornamental features.

 One of the foundation types of which the largest numbers of pious foundations were established in the history of waqf is water foundations. It is known that all kinds of services related to water, which are considered among the municipal services today, were provided through pious foundations at that time. In many of the foundations established for this purpose by high-ranking people such as Sultans, Lady Sultans, Pashas and other benefactors, many structures have been built at every stage of the water process from its source to being made available to people. Waterways, canals, wells, maksems, charis, kastels, fountains, water scales, water treasuries, fountains, stone tanks e.i. musluk and similar water structures built for the daily water needs of people were generally defined in foundation charters such as sikâye, sâkiye, ebniye-i mâ and ebniye-i sikâye. In this study, among these structures, the elements defined as tap e.i. musluk in the foundation charters, where water meets people and from where people receive direct service, which has not been extensively studied until now are included. First of all, the importance of water in established foundations, the factors underlying the establishment of water foundations and the meanings of the term tap in foundation charters are expressed with examples. It has been determined that the term tap is used in more than one sense; therefore, is grouped into four main headings. It was figured out that the most interesting and the least studied ones of these are the special types of taps defined by the term stone tank, taş tekne or stone tap taş musluk. In the site survey, the stone taps in Istanbul, where the examples with the most foundation charter records do exist, were tried to be identified through the records, and the examples matching the records in the site were examined in terms of originality, form, material and ornamental features.

 One of the foundation types of which the largest numbers of pious foundations were established in the history of waqf is water foundations. It is known that all kinds of services related to water, which are considered among the municipal services today, were provided through pious foundations at that time. In many of the foundations established for this purpose by high-ranking people such as Sultans, Lady Sultans, Pashas and other benefactors, many structures have been built at every stage of the water process from its source to being made available to people. Waterways, canals, wells, maksems, charis, kastels, fountains, water scales, water treasuries, fountains, stone tanks e.i. musluk and similar water structures built for the daily water needs of people were generally defined in foundation charters such as sikâye, sâkiye, ebniye-i mâ and ebniye-i sikâye. In this study, among these structures, the elements defined as tap e.i. musluk in the foundation charters, where water meets people and from where people receive direct service, which has not been extensively studied until now are included. First of all, the importance of water in established foundations, the factors underlying the establishment of water foundations and the meanings of the term tap in foundation charters are expressed with examples. It has been determined that the term tap is used in more than one sense; therefore, is grouped into four main headings. It was figured out that the most interesting and the least studied ones of these are the special types of taps defined by the term stone tank, taş tekne or stone tap taş musluk. In the site survey, the stone taps in Istanbul, where the examples with the most foundation charter records do exist, were tried to be identified through the records, and the examples matching the records in the site were examined in terms of originality, form, material and ornamental features.

 Osmanlı tarihinde kurulan vakıflar arasında su vakıflarının önemli bir yeri vardır. Günümüzde beledî hizmetler arasında sayılan su ile ilgili her türlü hizmetin o dönemde vakıflar aracılığıyla verildiği bilinmektedir. Başta padişahlar, hanım sultanlar, paşalar gibi üst düzey kişilerin yanı sıra diğer hayır sahiplerince kurulan vakıfların birçoğunda, suyun kaynağından insanların hizmetine sunuluncaya kadar geçtiği her aşamada pek çok yapı inşa edilmiştir. İnsanların günlük su ihtiyacı için inşa edilen suyolları, kanallar, kuyular, maksemler, karizler, kasteller, sebiller, su terazileri, su hazineleri, çeşmeler, musluklar ve benzeri su yapıları vakfiyelerde genel anlamda sikâye, sâkiye, ebniye-i mâ, ebniye-i sikâye şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada bugüne kadar kapsamlı bir biçimde incelenmemiş olan, insanların suyla buluştuğu ve doğrudan hizmet aldığı bu yapılardan vakfiyelerde musluk şeklinde tanımlanan ögelere yer verilmiştir. Öncelikle, kurulan vakıflarda suyun önemi, su vakıfları kurulmasının temelinde yatan unsurlar ve musluk teriminin vakfiyelerde hangi anlamlara geldiği örneklerle ortaya konmuştur. Musluk teriminin birden fazla anlamda kullanıldığı tespit edilmiş ve dört ana başlık altında gruplandırılmıştır. Bunlardan en ilgi çekici olan ve en az araştırılan muslukların ise taş tekne veya taş musluk terimi ile tanımlanan türdeki musluk örnekleri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Saha çalışmasında, bu konuda en çok vakfiye kaydı bulunan örneklerin yer aldığı İstanbuldaki taş musluklar vakfiye kayıtları üzerinden tespit edilmeye çalışılmış, kayıtlarla sahada eşleşen örnekler özgünlük, form, malzeme ve süsleme özellikleri bakımından irdelenmiştir.

Article Details

The Concept of “Tap” in Foundation Documents and a Survey on Their On-Site Examples in Istanbul

Authors:

Muradiye Şimşek | Nilgün Çevrimli

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Sanat Tarihi

Journal:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.655-682

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311688

pISSN:

2148-3582

Tap

Stone Tap

Stone Tank

Water Foundations

Foundation CharterMusluk

Taş Musluk

Taş Tekne

Su Vakıfları

Vakfiye

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Muradiye Şimşek | Nilgün Çevrimli

Publisher: Istanbul University

Main Topics: Sanat Tarihi

Journal: Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.655-682

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 1/2024

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001311688

pISSN: 2148-3582

Issues

Authors:

Muradiye Şimşek | Nilgün Çevrimli

Publisher:

Istanbul University

Main Topics:

Sanat Tarihi

Journal:

Art-Sanat Issue 21, pp.655-682

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

1/2024

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001311688

pISSN:

2148-3582