Refugee Influx to France, Russian Refugees in Victor Hugo Camp and French Views on Refugee Russians

Özer Özocak

Article Details

Refugee Influx to France, Russian Refugees in Victor Hugo Camp and French Views on Refugee Russians

Authors:

Özer Özocak

Publisher:

Ordu University

Journal:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.785-806

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001285601

pISSN:

1309-9302

Keywords:

Abstract:

 The concept of refugee comes first among the sociological terms used extensively by the modern world. The concept of refugee included Russians among the nations that came under its circle. The departure of the Russians from their country with large waves of immigration took place right after the First World War. The October 1917 Revolution, which broke out during the years of World War I, experienced one of the most important breaks in Russian history. The result of the struggle between the White Army and the Red Army in favor of the Red Army resulted in the migration of large masses out of the Russian lands. Refugee Russians had to take shelter in many countries in Europe as well as Ottoman lands. Even though it had just come out of the world war, France was among the countries of asylum, whose economic data were constantly updated upwards every year compared to the previous year, especially industry. The development of France in the field of economy revealed the need for labor force. The inadequacy of the existing human resources to meet the required workforce caused it to need external migration and to accept the immigrants into its country. Young population-dominated Russian emigration took place in an atmosphere where some important events took place in France and the traces of xenophobia were seen. Russians entered the country from different cities. Russian immigrants entered the country from different cities. The city of Marseille, where Victor Hugo Camp, described as a Veritable bidonville cluster, is located, was also one of the cities where Russian refugees migrated. Victor Hugo Camp, which was used as a military camp during the First World War, was not a permanent settlement, and had a variable and small population, has the qualities to set an important example for the lives of some Russians in France. In this context, the lives of Russian refugees in Victor Hugo Camp, whose details are limited, will be outlined in our study. In order to understand the process that led the Russians to come to the Victor Hugo Camp, intense refugee migration to France and the entry of Russian refugees into the country will be mentioned. Thus, the answer to the question of how Frances acceptance of Russian immigrants and their approach will be sought.

 The concept of refugee comes first among the sociological terms used extensively by the modern world. The concept of refugee included Russians among the nations that came under its circle. The departure of the Russians from their country with large waves of immigration took place right after the First World War. The October 1917 Revolution, which broke out during the years of World War I, experienced one of the most important breaks in Russian history. The result of the struggle between the White Army and the Red Army in favor of the Red Army resulted in the migration of large masses out of the Russian lands. Refugee Russians had to take shelter in many countries in Europe as well as Ottoman lands. Even though it had just come out of the world war, France was among the countries of asylum, whose economic data were constantly updated upwards every year compared to the previous year, especially industry. The development of France in the field of economy revealed the need for labor force. The inadequacy of the existing human resources to meet the required workforce caused it to need external migration and to accept the immigrants into its country. Young population-dominated Russian emigration took place in an atmosphere where some important events took place in France and the traces of xenophobia were seen. Russians entered the country from different cities. Russian immigrants entered the country from different cities. The city of Marseille, where Victor Hugo Camp, described as a Veritable bidonville cluster, is located, was also one of the cities where Russian refugees migrated. Victor Hugo Camp, which was used as a military camp during the First World War, was not a permanent settlement, and had a variable and small population, has the qualities to set an important example for the lives of some Russians in France. In this context, the lives of Russian refugees in Victor Hugo Camp, whose details are limited, will be outlined in our study. In order to understand the process that led the Russians to come to the Victor Hugo Camp, intense refugee migration to France and the entry of Russian refugees into the country will be mentioned. Thus, the answer to the question of how Frances acceptance of Russian immigrants and their approach will be sought.

 The concept of refugee comes first among the sociological terms used extensively by the modern world. The concept of refugee included Russians among the nations that came under its circle. The departure of the Russians from their country with large waves of immigration took place right after the First World War. The October 1917 Revolution, which broke out during the years of World War I, experienced one of the most important breaks in Russian history. The result of the struggle between the White Army and the Red Army in favor of the Red Army resulted in the migration of large masses out of the Russian lands. Refugee Russians had to take shelter in many countries in Europe as well as Ottoman lands. Even though it had just come out of the world war, France was among the countries of asylum, whose economic data were constantly updated upwards every year compared to the previous year, especially industry. The development of France in the field of economy revealed the need for labor force. The inadequacy of the existing human resources to meet the required workforce caused it to need external migration and to accept the immigrants into its country. Young population-dominated Russian emigration took place in an atmosphere where some important events took place in France and the traces of xenophobia were seen. Russians entered the country from different cities. Russian immigrants entered the country from different cities. The city of Marseille, where Victor Hugo Camp, described as a Veritable bidonville cluster, is located, was also one of the cities where Russian refugees migrated. Victor Hugo Camp, which was used as a military camp during the First World War, was not a permanent settlement, and had a variable and small population, has the qualities to set an important example for the lives of some Russians in France. In this context, the lives of Russian refugees in Victor Hugo Camp, whose details are limited, will be outlined in our study. In order to understand the process that led the Russians to come to the Victor Hugo Camp, intense refugee migration to France and the entry of Russian refugees into the country will be mentioned. Thus, the answer to the question of how Frances acceptance of Russian immigrants and their approach will be sought.

 Modern dünyanın yoğun olarak kullandığı sosyolojik terimlerin başında mülteci kavramı gelir. Mülteci kavramı dairesine giren milletler arasında Ruslar da yer aldılar. Rusların büyük göç dalgalarıyla ülkelerinden ayrılmaları I. Dünya Savaşının hemen ardından gerçekleşti. I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında patlak veren Ekim 1917 Devrimi ile Rus tarihinin en önemli kırılmalarından biri yaşandı. Beyaz Ordu ve Kızıl Ordu arasındaki mücadelenin Kızıl Ordu lehine sonuçlanması, Rusya topraklarından dışarıya doğru büyük kitlelerin göç etmeleri sonucunu doğurdu. Mülteci Ruslar, Osmanlı topraklarının yanı sıra Avrupadaki pek çok ülkeye sığınmak zorunda kaldılar. Sığınılan ülkeler arasında dünya savaşından henüz çıkmış olmasına rağmen sanayi başta olmak üzere her yıl bir sene öncekine oranla ekonomik verileri sürekli yukarı doğru yenilenen Fransa da yer almaktaydı. Fransanın ekonomi alanındaki gelişimi beraberinde işgücü ihtiyacını ortaya çıkardı. Mevcut insan kaynağının gereksinim duyduğu işgücünü karşılamakta yetersiz kalması da dış göçlere ihtiyaç duymasına ve göç edenleri de ülkesine kabul etmesine neden oldu. Genç nüfus ağırlıklı Rus göçleri, Fransada bazı önemli hadiselerin yaşandığı ve yabancı düşmanlığının izlerinin görüldüğü bir atmosferde gerçekleşti. Ruslar, ülkeye farklı şehirlerden giriş yaptılar. Veritable bidonville Gerçek bir gecekondu kümesi olarak nitelendirilen Victor Hugo Kampının yer aldığı Marsilya şehri de Rus mültecilerin göç ettikleri kentlerdendi. I. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında askeri bir kamp olarak kullanılan, sürekli bir yerleşim alanı olmayan, nüfusu değişken ve az olan Victor Hugo Kampı, Ruslardan bazılarının Fransadaki yaşamlarının göz önüne serilmesi için önemli bir örnek teşkil edecek niteliklere sahiptir. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızla detayları ile ilgili sınırlı bilgiye sahip olunan Victor Hugo Kampındaki mülteci Rusların hayatları ana hatlarıyla ortaya konulacaktır. Rusların Victor Hugo Kampına gelmelerine yol açan sürecin anlaşılması için Fransaya yoğun mülteci göçlerinden ve Rus mültecilerin ülkeye girişlerinden bahsedilecektir. Böylece Fransanın Rus göçmenleri kabulleri ve yaklaşımlarının nasıl olduğu sorusunun cevabı aranacaktır.

Article Details

Refugee Influx to France, Russian Refugees in Victor Hugo Camp and French Views on Refugee Russians

Authors:

Özer Özocak

Publisher:

Ordu University

Journal:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.785-806

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001285601

pISSN:

1309-9302

Refugee

Migrations to France

Russian Refugees

Victor Hugo Camp

View of the Russians in France

Mültecilik

Fransa’ya Göçler

Rus Mülteciler

Victor Hugo Kampı

Fransa'da Ruslara Bakış

Issues

Article Details

Authors: Özer Özocak

Publisher: Ordu University

Journal: Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.785-806

Document Type: Article

Publication Date: 3/2023

Document Language: Turkish

Document ID (Org No.): 2001285601

pISSN: 1309-9302

Issues

Authors:

Özer Özocak

Publisher:

Ordu University

Journal:

Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi Vol.13 Issue 1, pp.785-806

Document Type:

Article

Publication Date:

3/2023

Document Language:

Turkish

Document ID (Org No.):

2001285601

pISSN:

1309-9302